Wilhelm Filchner
| Wilhelm Filchner | |
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| Born | 13 September 1877 Bayreuth, Germany |
| Died | 7 May 1957 (aged 79) Zurich, Switzerland |
| Citizenship | German |
| Notable awards | German National Prize for Art and Science (1937) |
Wilhelm Filchner (13 September 1877 – 7 May 1957) was a German explorer.
At the age of 21, he participated in his first expedition, which led him to Russia. Two years later, he travelled alone and on horseback through the Pamir Mountains, from Osh to Murgabh to the upper Wakhan to Tashkurgan and back. From 1903 to 1905 he led an expedition through Tibet.
Following his return from Tibet, he was tasked with organizing a German expedition to map Antarctica. After a training expedition to Spitzbergen, they set off with their ship Deutschland on 4 May 1911. The expedition entered the Weddell Sea and discovered Luitpold Coast and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, which Filchner had originally named after the German emperor Wilhelm II. They were the first expedition to enter further into Weddell Sea than James Weddell some 80 years before.
The ship overwintered in the pack ice after attempts to set up a base on the ice shelf had failed because of an iceberg calving. It was not until September 1912 that the Deutschland was free again and could return. During its drift in the Weddell Sea ice Filchner investigated the existence of New South Greenland, an alleged coastline seen by Captain Bejamin Morrell in 1823, during a sealing voyage. He found no trace, and concluded that Morrell had seen a mirage.
Filchner never returned to Antarctica, but went on many journeys through Nepal and Tibet, including a geographic survey of Nepal in 1939.
Adolf Hitler awarded him the German National Prize for Art and Science as an acknowledgement of his achievements in exploration.
During World War II he was interned in India: 1940 in Patna in the Cottage-Hospital, from 1940 until 13 September 1941 in the Parole Camp in Purandhar and from September 1941 until November 1946 in the Parole Camp in Satara. Later on he lived in Poona in the Maharashtra state of India.
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