Wellington tramway system

The Wellington tramway system (1878–1964) operated in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand. The tramways were originally owned by a private company, but were purchased by the city and formed a major part of the city's transport system.

Initially in 1878, Wellington's trams were steam-powered, with an engine drawing a separate carriage. The engines were widely deemed unsatisfactory, however — they created a great deal of soot, were heavy (increasing track maintenance costs), and often frightened horses. By 1882, a combination of public pressure and financial concerns caused the engines to be replaced by horses. In 1902, after the tramways came into public ownership, it was decided to electrify the system, and the first electric tram ran in 1904. Trams operated singly, and were mostly single-deck but some double-deck.

The first tram line in Wellington opened on 24 August 1878. The line was 4.5 km in length, and ran between the north end of Lambton Quay and a point just south of the Basin Reserve.

After 1900, when the tramway was bought by the city authorities and electrified, a major extension of the network took place, with lines to Aro Street, Oriental Bay, and Tinakori Road in operation in 1904. The following year, a line was constructed through Newtown and Berhampore to Island Bay, and the year after, from the Te Aro line to Brooklyn. In 1907, a dedicated tram tunnel to Hataitai was completed, allowing services to reach Kilbirnie, Miramar, and Seatoun. The Tinakori Road line was extended westward towards Karori, reaching Karori Cemetery.

Construction of new track then slowed, but did not stop. In 1909 a line was built from Kilbirnie to Lyall Bay and then another from Tinakori Road to Wadestown. By this time, the Karori line had been extended to Karori Park. In 1915, a line was built to connect Newtown with Kilbirnie, via Constable Street and Crawford Road. Finally, in 1929, the last new line was completed, a branch of the Karori line through a tunnel to Northland.

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