Vesivirus
| Vesivirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Unassigned |
| Family: | Caliciviridae |
| Genus: | Vesivirus |
| Type species | |
|
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus |
|
Vesivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caliciviridae. Swine, sea mammals, and felines serve as natural hosts. There are currently only two species in this genus including the type species Vesicular exanthema of swine virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: respiratory disease; FCV: conjunctivitis, respiratory disease.
Group: ssRNA(+)
Other, unofficial Vesi-like viruses include canine calicivirus, San Miguel sealion virus, vesivirus Cro1 and walrus calicivirus.
Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is non-enveloped, and are round with icosahedral symmetry and triangulation number T=3. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 35–39 nm. Empty virions have diameter of 23 nm, with triangulation number T=1. The capsid surface structure reveals a regular pattern with distinctive features, including 32 cup-shaped depressions. The capsomer arrangement is clearly visible.
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by RNA termination-reinitiation. Swine, sea mammals, and felines serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are air borne particles.
The molecular mass (Mr) of virions is 15 x 106. Virions have a buoyant density in Caesium chloride (CsCl) of 1.33–1.41 g/cm3. The density gradient of virions in Potassium Tartrate-Glycerol is 1.29 g/cm3. The sedimentation coefficient is 170–187 svedberg (s20,w), of the other(s) peak at 160–170 svedberg (s20,w). Under in vitro conditions virions are inactivated in acid environment of pH 3–5. Virions are not stable at raised temperature in presence of high concentration of Mg++. Virions are sensitive to treatment with trypsin (in some strains, not sensitive to treatment with mild detergents, or ether, or chloroform. The infectivity is enhanced after treatment with trypsin (in some strains).
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