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Venera 14

Venera 14
1982 CPA 5278.jpg
Seal of Venera 14
Mission type Venus flyby / lander
Operator Soviet Academy of Sciences
COSPAR ID 1981-110A
1981-110D
SATCAT no. 12939
15600
Mission duration Travel: 4 months and 1 day
Lander: 57 minutes
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type 4V-1 No. 761
Manufacturer NPO Lavochkin
Launch mass 4,394.5 kg (9,688 lb)
Landing mass 760 kilograms (1,680 lb)
Dry mass 1,632.71 kilograms (3,599.5 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date November 4, 1981 (1981-11-04), 05:31:00 UTC
Rocket Proton-K/D-1
Launch site Baikonur 200/39
Orbital parameters
Reference system Heliocentric
Flyby of Venus
Spacecraft component Venera 14 flight platform
Closest approach March 5, 1982
Venus lander
Spacecraft component Venera 14 descent craft
Landing date March 3, 1982, 07:00:10 UTC
Landing site 13°15′S 310°0′E / 13.250°S 310.000°E / -13.250; 310.000 (east of Phoebe Regio)
← Venera 13
Venera 15 →


Venera 14 (Russian: Венера-14 meaning Venus 14) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.

Venera 14 was identical to the Venera 13 spacecraft and built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity and launched 5 days apart. It was launched on 4 November 1981 at 05:31:00 UTC and Venera 13 on 30 October 1981 at 06:04:00 UTC, both with an on-orbit dry mass of 760 kg.

Each mission consisted of a cruise stage and an attached descent craft.

As the cruise stage flew by Venus the bus acted as a data relay for the lander and then continued on into a heliocentric orbit. It was equipped with a gamma-ray spectrometer, UV grating monochromator, electron and proton spectrometers, gamma-ray burst detectors, solar wind plasma detectors, and two-frequency transmitters which made measurements before, during, and after the Venus flyby.

The descent lander was a hermetically sealed pressure vessel, which contained most of the instrumentation and electronics, mounted on a ring-shaped landing platform and topped by an antenna. The design was similar to the earlier Venera 9–12 landers. It carried instruments to take chemical and isotopic measurements, monitor the spectrum of scattered sunlight, and record electric discharges during its descent phase through the Venusian atmosphere. The spacecraft utilized a camera system, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a screw drill and surface sampler, a dynamic penetrometer, and a seismometer to conduct investigations on the surface.

List of lander experiments and instruments:

After launch and a four-month cruise to Venus the descent vehicle separated from the bus and plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on March 5, 1982. After entering the atmosphere a parachute was deployed. At an altitude of about 50 km the parachute was released and simple airbraking was used the rest of the way to the surface.


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