University education

Teaching operations, activities, stages, phases and levels have been discussed in the earlier chapters. It includes the whole continum of teaching activities.'Managing Teaching Activities' theme is a very broad and complex field of study which is theoretical as well as practical. The classroom teaching activities at all levels are confined to memory level and rote learning. Teacher controlled instruction are used even at higher level.The lecture method is commonly used but tasks, principles, models, levels and operations of teaching are not used in classroom teaching. This is one of main factor which has influenced the quality of education.

Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Often delivered at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, conservatories, and institutes of technology, higher education is also available through certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic degrees or professional certifications. Tertiary education at non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education.

The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education". In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education.

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