United Nations Conference on International Organization

The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO) was a convention of delegates from 50 Allied nations that took place from 25 April 1945 to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, United States. At this convention, the delegates reviewed and rewrote the Dumbarton Oaks agreements. The convention resulted in the creation of the United Nations Charter, which was opened for signature on 26 June. The conference was held at various locations, primarily the War Memorial Opera House, with the Charter being signed on 26 June at the Herbst Theatre in Civic Center. The conference was chaired by U.S. diplomat Alger Hiss.

A square in downtown San Francisco, called "UN Plaza," commemorates the conference, and is located adjacent to the city's Civic Center.

The basic framework for the proposed United Nations was framed in the vision of US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, in which the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and China would lead the postwar international order. It would be these countries, with the addition of France, who would assume the permanent seats on the Security Council. At the conference in Malta, it was proposed that the permanent members have veto power. This proposal was adopted at the Yalta conference. At the same conference, they began sending invitations to the conference. 46 countries were invited to San Francisco. They had declared war on Germany and Japan, having signed the Declaration by United Nations.

The conference directly invited four additional countries: Denmark (newly liberated from Nazi occupation), Argentina and the Soviet republics of Belarus and Ukraine. The participation of these countries was not without controversy. The decision on the participation of Argentina was troubled because of Soviet opposition to Argentina membership, arguing that Argentina had supported the Axis Powers during the war. Several Latin American countries opposed the inclusion of Belarus and Ukraine unless Argentina was admitted. In the end, Argentina was admitted to the conference with support from the United States and the desire for the participation of the Soviet Union at the conference was maintained.

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