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UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
HUDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase pymol.png
Human UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase cartoon created in pymol
Identifiers
EC number 2.7.7.9
CAS number 9026-22-6
Databases
IntEnz IntEnz view
BRENDA BRENDA entry
ExPASy NiceZyme view
KEGG KEGG entry
MetaCyc metabolic pathway
PRIAM profile
PDB structures RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology AmiGO / EGO
UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase 1
Identifiers
Symbol UGP1
Entrez 7359
HUGO 12526
OMIM 191750
Other data
EC number 2.7.7.9
Locus Chr. 1 q21-q22
UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase 2
Identifiers
Symbol UGP2
Entrez 7360
HUGO 12527
OMIM 191760
RefSeq NM_006759
UniProt Q16851
Other data
EC number 2.7.7.9
Locus Chr. 2 p14-p13

UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase also known as glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (or UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase) is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It synthesizes UDP-glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and UTP; i.e.,

UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is an enzyme found in all three domains (bacteria, eukarya, and archaea) as it is a key player in glycogenesis and cell wall synthesis. Its role in sugar metabolism has been studied extensively in plants in order to understand plant growth and increase agricultural production. Recently, human UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase has been studied and crystallized, revealing a different type of regulation than other organisms previously studied. Its significance is derived from the many uses of UDP-glucose including galactose metabolism, glycogen synthesis, glycoprotein synthesis, and glycolipid synthesis.

The structure of UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is significantly different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but within eukaryotes, the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the enzyme are quite conserved. In many species, UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is found as a homopolymer consisting of identical subunits in a symmetrical quaternary structure. The number of subunits varies across species: for instance, in Escherichia coli, the enzyme is found as a tetramer, whereas in Burkholderia xenovorans, the enzyme is dimeric. In humans and in yeast, the enzyme is active as an octamer consisting of two tetramers stacked onto one another with conserved hydrophobic residues at the interfaces between the subunits. In contrast, the enzyme in plants has conserved charged residues forming the interface between subunits.


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Wikipedia

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