Chromosome 2 (human)

Chromosome 2 (human)
Human chromosome 2 pair after G banding. One is from mother, one is from father.
Chromosome 2 pair in human male karyogram.
Features
Length (bp)	242,193,529 bp
Number of genes	3,862 3,399
Type	Autosome
Centromere position	Submetacentric
Identifiers
RefSeq	NC_000002
GenBank	CM000664

Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second-largest human chromosome, spanning more than 242 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and representing almost 8% of the total DNA in human cells.

Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies. In January 2017, two estimates differed by 12%, with one estimate giving 3,862 genes, and the other estimate giving 3,399 genes.

Chromosome had the HOXD homeobox gene cluster.

All members of Hominidae except humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans have 24 pairs of chromosomes. Humans have only 23 pairs of chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 is a result of an end-to-end fusion of two ancestral chromosomes.

The evidence for this includes:

According to researcher J. W. IJdo, "We conclude that the locus cloned in cosmids c8.1 and c29B is the relic of an ancient telomere-telomere fusion and marks the point at which two ancestral ape chromosomes fused to give rise to human chromosome 2."

Among the genes located on chromosome 2 are these:

Genes located on the short arm of this chromosome include

Genes located on the long arm of this chromosome include

The following diseases and traits are related to genes located on chromosome 2: