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Tzar Nicholas II

Nicholas II
Nicholas II by Boissonnas & Eggler c1909.jpg
Tsar Nicholas II, in a British Royal Navy uniform as an honorary Admiral of the Fleet, 1909
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias
Reign 1 November 1894 – 15 March 1917
Coronation 26 May 1896
Predecessor Alexander III
Successor Monarchy abolished
Georgy Lvov
as Chairman of the Provisional Government
Born 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868
Alexander Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died 17 July 1918(1918-07-17) (aged 50)
Ipatiev House, Yekaterinburg, RSFSR
Burial 17 July 1998
Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Spouse Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)
(m. 1894; d. 1918)
Issue
Full name
Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov
House Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Father Alexander III of Russia
Mother Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)
Religion Russian Orthodox
Signature Nicholas II's signature
Full name
Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II, Tsar.jpg
Tsar-Martyr Nicholas II of Russia
Royal Passion-Bearer Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
Born (1868-05-18)18 May 1868
Tsarskoye Selo, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died 17 July 1918(1918-07-17) (aged 50)
Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR
Venerated in Russian Orthodox Church
Canonized 1981 and 2000 by Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and the Russian Orthodox Church
Major shrine Church on Blood, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Feast 17 July
Styles of
Nicholas II of Russia
Coat of Arms of Russian Empire
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sir

Nicholas II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. Due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Revolution, the execution of political opponents and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War, he was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody by his political adversaries.Soviet historiography portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader, whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.

Russia suffered a decisive defeat in the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War, which saw the annihilation of the Russian Baltic Fleet at the Battle of Tsushima, loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation of South Sakhalin. The Anglo-Russian Entente, designed to counter German attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, ended the Great Game between Russia and the United Kingdom.


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