Tyrosinase

TYR
Identifiers
Aliases	TYR, ATN, CMM8, OCA1, OCA1A, OCAIA, SHEP3, tyrosinase, Tyrosinase
External IDs	OMIM: 606933 MGI: 98880 HomoloGene: 30969 GeneCards: TYR
Genetically Related Diseases
age related macular degeneration, melanoma, vitiligo
Gene ontology Molecular function • metal ion binding • copper ion binding • monooxygenase activity • protein homodimerization activity • monophenol monooxygenase activity • oxidoreductase activity • protein heterodimerization activity • protein binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • cytosol • nucleus • membrane • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • lysosome • melanosome membrane • Golgi-associated vesicle • melanosome • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Biological process • response to UV • response to cAMP • metabolic process • melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine • response to vitamin D • pigmentation • thymus development • oxidation-reduction process • eye pigment biosynthetic process • cell proliferation • visual perception • melanin biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7299	22173
Ensembl	ENSG00000077498	ENSMUSG00000004651
UniProt	P14679	P11344
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000372	NM_011661 NM_001317397
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000363	NP_035791.1 NP_001304326 NP_035791
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 89.18 – 89.3 Mb	Chr 7: 87.42 – 87.49 Mb
PubMed search

monophenol monooxygenase
Catechol-Quinone
Identifiers
EC number	1.14.18.1
CAS number	9002-10-2
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Tyrosinase
Tridimensional structure of a functional unit from octopus hemocyanin
Identifiers
Symbol	Tyrosinase
Pfam	PF00264
Pfam clan	CL0205
InterPro	IPR002227
PROSITE	PDOC00398
SCOP	1hc2
SUPERFAMILY	1hc2
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

7299

22173

ENSG00000077498

ENSMUSG00000004651

P14679

P11344

NM_000372

NM_011661
NM_001317397

NP_000363

NP_035791.1
NP_001304326
NP_035791

Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The enzyme is mainly involved in two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis; firstly, the hydroxylation of a monophenol and secondly, the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone. o-Quinone undergoes several reactions to eventually form melanin. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation, as in the blackening of a peeled or sliced potato exposed to air. It is found inside melanosomes which are synthesised in the skin melanocytes. In humans, the tyrosinase enzyme is encoded by the TYR gene.