Type 99 rifle

Type 99 rifle
A Type 99 carbine.
Type	Bolt-action rifle
Place of origin	Empire of Japan
Service history
In service	1939–1945 (Japan)
Used by	See Users
Wars	Chinese Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II, Indonesian National Revolution, Hukbalahap Rebellion, Soviet–Japanese Border Wars, Korean War, Malayan Emergency, Indonesian National Revolution, First Indochina War, Vietnam War
Production history
Designer	Nariakira Arisaka
Designed	1939
Produced	1939–1945
Number built	~3,500,000
Specifications
Weight	3.8 kg (8.4 lb)
Length	1,118 mm (44.0 in) or 1,258 mm (49.5 in)
Barrel length	657 mm (25.9 in)
Cartridge	7.7×58mm Arisaka
Action	Bolt action
Muzzle velocity	730 m/s (2,400 ft/s)
Feed system	5-round internal box magazine, stripper clip loaded

The Type 99 rifle Arisaka or Type 99 short rifle (九九式短小銃, Kyū-kyū-shiki tan-shōjū^?) was a bolt-action rifle of the Arisaka design used by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War in the 1930s, the Japanese soon found that the 7.7mm cartridge being fired by their Type 92 heavy machine gun in China was superior to the 6.5×50mm cartridge of the Type 38 rifle, necessitating the development of a new weapon to replace the outclassed Type 38. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) developed the Type 99 based on the Type 38 rifle but with a caliber of 7.7mm. The Type 99 was produced at nine different arsenals. Seven arsenals were located in Japan, with the other two located at Mukden in China and Jinsen in Korea.

The IJA had intended to completely replace the Type 38 with the Type 99 by the end of the war. However, the outbreak of the Pacific war never allowed the army to completely replace the Type 38 and so the IJA used both rifles during the war. As the war progressed, more and more cost saving steps were introduced in order to speed up production. Late war rifles are often called "Last Ditch" or "Substitute Standard" due to their crudeness of finish. They are generally as crude as the 1945 dated Mauser K98k of Germany, or worse.

The Type 99 was produced in four versions, the regular issue Type 99 Short Rifle, the Type 99 Long Rifle (a limited production variant) and takedown Type 2 Paratroop Rifle and the Type 99 Sniper Rifle. The standard rifle also came with a wire monopod and an anti-aircraft sighting device. The Type 99 was the first mass-produced infantry rifle to have a chrome lined bore to ease cleaning. All of these features were abandoned by mid-war.