Twardogóra
| Twardogóra | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
 Twardogóra
|
|||
| Coordinates: 51°21′53″N 17°28′11″E / 51.36472°N 17.46972°E | |||
| Country |
 Poland
|
||
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian | ||
| County | Oleśnica | ||
| Gmina | Twardogóra | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 8.29 km2 (3.20 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| • Total | 6,866 | ||
| • Density | 830/km2 (2,100/sq mi) | ||
| Postal code | 56-416 | ||
| Website | http://www.twardogora.pl | ||
Twardogóra [tfardɔˈɡura] (formerly Old Polish: Twarda Góra (Hard Mountain), German: Festenberg) is a town in Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Twardogóra.
The town was first mentioned as Vestenberg in a document dated 1 September 1293 as a trading place at the road from Wrocław to Poznań. In the 14th century, as part of the Duchy of Oels, it was transferred to the Kingdom of Bohemia, which became part of the Habsburg monarchy in 1526. the town adopted Lutheranism in 1538.In 1742 Silesia became Prussian and remained within Germany until 1945. On 23 January 1945 the town was taken by the Red Army. A baroque palace was burned to the ground in 1947.
It lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Oleśnica, and 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the regional capital Wrocław.
As at 2006, the town has a population of 6,866.
The beginnings of Twardogora go back to the times of Polish rule in the first Piast dynasty. It was then a trade settlement connected to the trade route from Wrocław to Poznań. It was inhabited by descendants of the Slavonic Silesia, and from the 12th century also came from other countries, especially from Germany. The modern name of the city is said to have been created during the invasion of the Tatars in Silesia in 1241. The inhabitants of the settlement gave them a hard resistance and hence the name, which means in Polish "Hardcore" . Its name also covers terrain topography (Twarda Góra). Urban rights were given to Twardogóra by Henry III, Duke of Głogów on August 1, 1293. From the beginning of the 14th century, Twardogóra was associated with Duchy of Oleśnicki under the rule of Piast, but dependent on the Czech kings. Residents of the city remembered the unpleasant experiences of the Hussite wars in the late 15th century building a defensive structure. A hundred years later a castle was built there. In 1526, Twardogóra and the Duchy of Oels entered the Habsburg state. At that time, Jan Podbiebrad, who was in charge of the Duchy, introduced Lutheranism in 1538. It is presumed that at that time there was already a church (lower) in the city, which was thoroughly renovated in 1587. The Duchy of Oels from 1647 began to rule as representatives of the Duchy of Württemberg. During its rule, Twardogóra flourished. Change in Twardogóra was foremost contributed to by the wife of Prince Sylvia Frederick (II) - Princess Eleonora Karolina Wirtemberska (1676 - 1712). She expanded the town's castle, which became a baroque palace. She also took care of the health of the people, the development of the craft, trade and education, as well as the development of charities. In the years 1729 - 1738 the church was rebuilt giving it its present shape. Prussian rule began in Silesia in 1740. In 1743 Henryk L. von Reichenbach brought the town hardwood, and the town joined the newly created state in Goszcz a year later. In 1786 the town was inhabited by 1175 people, among whom the most prosperous at the time were the weavers.
...
Wikipedia