Duchy of Oels
| Duchy of Oleśnica | ||||||||||
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Herzogtum Oels (de) Księstwo Oleśnickie (pl) Olešnické knížectví (cs) |
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Silesian duchy Fief of the Bohemian Crown (1329–1742) Part of Prussia (from 1742) |
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 Silesia 1312-1317: Creation of the Duchy of Olésnica (blue) for Bolesław in 1313
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| Capital | Oleśnica | |||||||||
| Government | Principality | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern period |
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| • | Partitioned from Głogów | 1313 | ||||||||
| • | Vassalized by Bohemia | 1328 | ||||||||
| • | Henry of Poděbrady duke | 1495 | ||||||||
| • | Silvius Nimrod of Württemberg duke | 1649 | ||||||||
| • | Frederick Augustus of Brunswick duke | 1792 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablishment | 1884 | ||||||||
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The Duchy of Oels (German: Herzogtum Oels) or Duchy of Oleśnica (Polish: Księstwo Oleśnickie, Latin: Ducatus Olsnensis) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital in Oleśnica in Lower Silesia, Poland. Initially ruled by the Silesian Piasts, it was acquired by the Münsterberg (Ziębice) dukes of the Podiebrad family from 1495 and was inherited by the House of Württemberg in 1649. Conquered by Prussia in 1742, it was enfeoffed to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1792 until its dissolution in 1884.
Initially part of the Piast Duchy of Silesia, the Oleśnica area became part of the Duchy of Głogów in 1294, following an armed conflict between Duke Henry III of Głogów and his cousin Henry V the Fat, Duke of Wrocław. After the death of Duke Henry III in 1309, it gained significant autonomy during the division of the Głogów lands and the creation of the Duchy of Oleśnica for Henry's son Bolesław in 1313, succeeded by his brother Konrad I in 1321.
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