Tsarina

Tsarina, tzarina or czarina (Bulgarian: царица; Russian: царица, Serbian: царица, Tsaritsa, formerly czaritsa) is the title of a female ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia or Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife. The English spelling is derived from the German czarin or zarin, in the same way as the French tsarine/czarine, and the Spanish and Italian czarina/zarina. For tsar's daughters see tsarevna.

"Tsarina" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states:

Since 1721, the official titles of the Russian male and female monarchs were Emperor (Russian: император, imperator) and Empress (Russian: императрица, imperatritsa), respectively, or Empress Consort. Officially the last Russian tsarina was Eudoxia Lopukhina, Peter the Great's first wife. Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse), the wife of Nicholas II of Russia, was the last Russian Empress.

Eudoxia Lopukhina was sent to monastery in 1698 ("divorce"), and died in 1731. In 1712 Peter married in church Catherine I of Russia. The Russian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1721, and Catherine become Empress by marriage. After Peter's death she became ruling Empress by her own right. In following centuries the title "tsarina" was in unofficial informal use – a kind of "pet name" for Empresses – ruling queens and queen-consorts. ("Mother dear-tsarina" (матушка-царица) was only Catherine the Great, most popular). For a list of Russian empresses in the 18th and 19th centuries see .

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