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Triamterene

Triamterene
Triamteren.svg
Triamterene substance photo.jpg
Clinical data
Trade names Dyrenium, Dyazide, Maxzide
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a682337
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration
oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 30-70%
Protein binding 67%
Metabolism conjugated to hydroxytriamterene
Biological half-life 1-2 hours, active metabolite 3 hours
Excretion renal <50%, 21% unchanged
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.006.278
Chemical and physical data
Formula C12H11N7
Molar mass 253.263 g/mol
 NYesY (what is this?)  

Triamterene (trade name Dyrenium) is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in combination with thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypertension and edema. In combination with hydrochlorothiazide, it is marketed under the names Maxzide and Dyazide.

Triamterene directly blocks the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) on the lumen side of the kidney collecting tubule. Other diuretics cause a decrease in the sodium concentration of the forming urine due to the entry of sodium into the cell via the ENaC, and the concomitant exit of potassium from the principal cell into the forming urine. Blocking ENaC prevents this from happening. Amiloride works in the same way. Sodium channel blockers directly inhibit the entry of sodium into the sodium channels.

Common side effects may include a depletion of sodium, folic acid and calcium, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and dry mouth. Serious side effects may include heart palpitations, tingling/numbness, fever, chills, sore throat, rash, and back pain. Triamterene can also cause kidney stones through direct crystallization or by seeding calcium oxalate stones. Triamterene is best avoided in patients with chronic kidney disease due to the possibility of hyperkalemia. People using this drug should use salt substitute cautiously.

Triamterene may impart a blue fluorescent color to the urine.

Diabetes: Use with caution in patients with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus as there may be a change in glucose control.

Hepatic impairment: Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction; in cirrhosis, avoid electrolyte and acid/base imbalances that might lead to hepatic encephalopathy.


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