Treaty of Constantinople (1533)

The Treaty of Constantinople' (Turkish: İstanbul antlaşması) was signed on 22 July 1533 in Constantinople (Istanbul) by the Ottoman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria.

During the Battle of Mohács in 1526 the king of Hungary, Louis II, had died without an heir to throne. But the Ottoman Empire did not annex Hungary after the war and the Hungarian throne was left vacant for several months. Two claimants emerged: Ferdinand I, the archduke of Austria; and János Szapolyai, the voivode (governor) of Transylvania (Turkish: Erdel, western part of modern Romania). Although Szapolyai was backed by a majority of the Hungarian elite, Ferdinand nevertheless declared himself the legal king of Hungary with the support of his older brother Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The Ottoman Empire, however, backed Szapolyai and Ottoman Emperor Suleyman I mounted a threat against Austria in two military campaigns (of 1529 and 1532). Ferdinand saw that it was impossible to establish his rule in Hungary.

Meanwhile the shah of Safavid Persia, Tahmasp I, became active in the eastern borders of the Ottoman Empire. Suleyman decided to concentrate his activities in the east, giving up his pursuit of hostilities in the west, and the treaty was signed.

The terms of the treaty were as follows:

Peace was violated with the 1537 Battle of Gorjani and the 1538 Battle of Preveza.

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