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Suleyman I

Suleiman the Magnificent
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Caliph of Islam
EmperorSuleiman.jpg
Suleiman in a portrait attributed to Titian c.1530
10th Ottoman Sultan (Emperor)
Reign 30 September 1520 – 6 September 1566
Sword girding 30 September 1520
Predecessor Selim I
Successor Selim II
Born (1494-11-06)6 November 1494
Trabzon, Ottoman Empire
Died 6 September 1566(1566-09-06) (aged 71)
Szigetvár, Kingdom of Hungary
Burial Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul
Consorts Hürrem Sultan (legal wife)
Mahidevran Sultan
Issue Şehzade Mustafa
Şehzade Mehmed
Mihrimah Sultan
Şehzade Abdullah
Selim II
Şehzade Bayezid
Şehzade Cihangir
Raziye Sultan
Full name
Süleyman bin Selim
Dynasty Ottoman
Father Selim I
Mother Hafsa Sultan
Tughra
Full name
Süleyman bin Selim

Suleiman I (Ottoman Turkish: سلطان سليمان اول‎; Modern Turkish: I. Süleyman, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman or Muhteşem Süleyman; 6 November 1494 – 6 September 1566), commonly known as Suleiman the Magnificent in the West and "Kanuni" (the Lawgiver) in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to his death in 1566. Under his administration, the Ottoman state ruled over 15 to 25 million people.

Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th-century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's economic, military and political power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian strongholds of Belgrade and Rhodes as well as most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the Siege of Vienna in 1529. He annexed much of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large areas of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and through the Persian Gulf.

At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted major legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law. His reforms, carried out in conjunction with the empire's chief judicial official Ebussuud Efendi, harmonized the relationship between the two forms of Ottoman law; sultanic (Kanun) and religious (Sharia). He was a distinguished poet and goldsmith; he also became a great patron of culture, overseeing the "Golden" age of the Ottoman Empire in its artistic, literary and architectural development.


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