Tongliao

Tongliao 通辽市 • ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ
Prefecture-level city
Tongliao City (red) in Inner Mongolia (orange)
Tongliao Location of the city centre in Inner Mongolia
Coordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E / 43.617°N 122.267°E / 43.617; 122.267Coordinates: 43°37′N 122°16′E / 43.617°N 122.267°E / 43.617; 122.267
Country	China
Region	Inner Mongolia
Elevation	179 m (587 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	3,139,153
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Website	http://www.tongliao.gov.cn/

Tongliao
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	通辽
Traditional Chinese	通遼
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Tōngliáo
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	Тонляо хот
Mongolian script	ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ
Transcriptions SASM/GNC Tüŋliyou qota

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Tōngliáo

Transcriptions
SASM/GNC	Tüŋliyou qota

Tongliao (Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠩᠯᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ Tüŋliyou qota, Тонляо хот; Chinese: 通辽市) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The area is 59,535 square kilometres (22,987 sq mi) and population is 3,139,153 (as of 2010); the city proper has 898,895 inhabitants (2010). The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jirem League (哲里木盟; ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ Jirim ayimaɣ).

The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city proper (i.e. Horqin District) is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the prefecture-level city is Jirem. The Mongolian dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin Mongolian.

Human settlement in Tongliao and surrounding Khorchin area dates from at least 1000 BC. The Donghu people, a tribe who spoke a proto-Mongolian language, settled in today's Tongliao area, north of Yan during Warring States period. their culture was associated with the Upper Xiajiadian culture, characterized by the practice of agriculture and animal husbandry supplemented by handicrafts and bronze art. Later, the Tongliao area was controlled by Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Khitan tribes.

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