Tonga

Kingdom of Tonga Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Ko e ʻOtua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiʻa" "God and Tonga are my Inheritance"
Anthem: Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga The Song of the King of the Tongan Islands
Capital and largest city	Nukuʻalofa 21°08′S 175°12′W / 21.133°S 175.200°W / -21.133; -175.200
Official languages	Tongan English
Ethnic groups (2016)	96.6% Tongan 1.7% Euronesians 1.0% European 1.0% East Asian
Religion	Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga
Demonym	Tongan
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Tupou VI
• Prime Minister	ʻAkilisi Pōhiva
• Assembly Speaker	Fatafehi Fakafanua
Legislature	Legislative Assembly
Independence
• from British protection	4 June 1970
Area
• Total	748 km2 (289 sq mi) (186th)
• Water (%)	4.0
Population
• 2011 census	103,036
• Density	139/km2 (360.0/sq mi) (76tha)
GDP (PPP)	2011 estimate
• Total	$763 million
• Per capita	$7,344
GDP (nominal)	2011 estimate
• Total	$439 million
• Per capita	$4,220
HDI (2014)	0.717 high · 100th
Currency	Paʻanga (TOP)
Time zone	(UTC+13)
• Summer (DST)	(UTC+14)
Drives on the	left
Calling code	+676
ISO 3166 code	TO
Internet TLD	.to
Based on 2005 figures.

Coordinates: 20°S 175°W / 20°S 175°W / -20; -175

Tonga (/ˈtɒŋə/ or /ˈtɒŋɡə/; Tongan: [ˈtoŋa]Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about 750 square kilometres (290 sq mi) scattered over 700,000 square kilometres (270,000 sq mi) of the southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 103,000 people of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu.

Tonga stretches across approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) in a north-south line. It is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest, Samoa to the northeast, Niue to the east, Kermadec (part of New Zealand) to the southwest, and New Caledonia (France) and Vanuatu to the farther west.