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Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda

Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera
Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG
4th President of the United States of Colombia
In office
May 22, 1866 – November 1, 1867
Preceded by José María Rojas Garrido
Succeeded by Joaquín Riascos
1st President of the United States of Colombia
In office
May 14, 1863 – April 8, 1864
Preceded by Office created
Succeeded by Manuel Murillo Toro
3rd President of the Granadine Confederation
In office
July 18, 1861 – February 4, 1863
Preceded by Bartolomé Calvo
Succeeded by Office abolished
8th President of the Republic of New Granada
In office
April 1, 1845 – April 1, 1849
Vice President Rufino Cuervo
Preceded by Pedro Alcántara Herrán Zaldúa
Succeeded by José Hilario López
5th President of the Sovereign State of Cauca
In office
August 15, 1871 – August 1, 1873
Preceded by Andrés Cerón Serrano
Succeeded by Julián Trujillo Largacha
1st President of the Sovereign State of Cauca
In office
January 1858 – August 15, 1863
Succeeded by Eliseo Payán
Personal details
Born Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda
(1798-09-26)September 26, 1798
Popayán , New Granada
Died October 7, 1878(1878-10-07) (aged 80)
Puracé, Cauca, United States of Colombia
Nationality Colombian
Political party Liberal
Spouse(s) Mariana Arboleda y Arroyo (1820–1867)
María Ignacia Arboleda Arboleda (1872–1878)
Relations Joaquín de Mosquera (Brother)
Occupation Soldier (General), writer, politician
Religion Roman Catholic
Military service
Nickname(s) Mascachochas
Allegiance  Granadine Confederation
Colombia United States of Colombia
Rank General
Battles/wars War of Independence
War of the Supremes
Ecuadorian-Colombian War

Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda (September 26, 1798 – October 7, 1878) was a Colombian general and political figure. He was president of Colombia four times. The first time was as president of Republic of New Granada from 1845 to 1849. During the Colombian Civil War of 1860–1862 he led liberal forces in a civil war against conservative factions. After the liberals won, a new, federalist constitution was implemented, which established a two-year presidency, and the nation renamed the United States of Colombia. Mosquera served twice as president of the new government. From 1861 to 1862 he served in a non-elected, interim manner, while the constitution was written. From 1862 to 1864 he served in an elected manner. He had a fourth term from 1866 to 1867. Due to the liberal reforms carried out under his leadership, he is considered one of the most important persons in Colombian history of the 19th century.

Due to large facial wounds received during a battle in 1824, he required the use of a metal prosthesis in his jaw. This affected his ability to speak, which was marked by blowing and whistling sounds. As a result, Mosquera was derisively nicknamed "Mascachochas" (Gaga-chew) by some of his contemporary critics.

Mosquera was born in Popayán, on September 26, 1798. His parents were wealthy farm-owner José María de Mosquera-Figueroa y Arboleda and María Manuela de Arboleda y Arrachea, both from prestigious families. His brother Joaquín was President of Gran Colombia, his brother Manuel José was Archbishop of Bogotá, and his brother Manuel María was a diplomat.

General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera married twice. As was the custom among aristocracy at the time, both times he married maternal relatives. His first marriage was to Mariana Benvenuta Arboleda Arroyo, but it has been characterized as unhappy as a result of the frequent cheating of Mosquera, who had a number of children outside of marriage. When Mariana died, he contracted marriage on 1872 to María Ignacia Arboleda Arboleda. Mosquera was 78 at the time, and reportedly when he proposed to her he said, 'Would you like to be the widow of General Mosquera?' In total he had eight children (with: Mariana Arboleda -Anibal Mosquera and Amalia Mosquera-; María Ignacia Arboleda -José Bolívar Mosquera-; Paula Luque -Clelia Mosquera, Teodulia Mosquera, Isabel Mosquera-; María Lorza -María Engracia Mosquera-; Candelaria Cervantes -Tomás Cervantes Mosquera-).


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