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Titan missile

Titan family
Titan Missile Family.png
The Titan rocket family.
Role Expendable launch system with various applications
Manufacturer Glenn L. Martin Company
First flight 1958-12-20
Introduction 1959
Retired 2005
Primary users United States Air Force
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Produced 1957–2000s (decade)
Number built 368
Unit cost
US$250–350 million
Variants Titan I
Titan II
Titan IIIA
Titan IIIB
Titan IIIC
Titan IIID
Titan IIIE
Titan 34D
Titan IV

Titan is a family of U.S. expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005. A total of 368 rockets of this family were launched, including all the Project Gemini manned flights of the mid-1960s. Titans were part of the American intercontinental ballistic missile deterrent until the late 1980s, and lifted other American military payloads as well as civilian agency intelligence-gathering satellites. Titans also were used to send highly successful interplanetary scientific probes throughout the Solar System.

The HGM-25A Titan I was the first version of the Titan family of rockets. It began as a backup ICBM project in case the Atlas was delayed. It was a two-stage rocket whose LR-87 engine was powered by RP-1 and liquid oxygen. It was operational from early 1962 to mid-1965. The ground guidance for the Titan was the UNIVAC ATHENA computer, designed by Seymour Cray, based in a hardened underground bunker. Using radar data, it made course corrections during the burn phase.

Most of the Titan rockets were the Titan II ICBM and their civilian derivatives for NASA. The Titan II used the LR-87-5 engine, a modified version of the LR-87, that relied on a hypergolic combination of nitrogen tetroxide for its oxidizer and Aerozine 50 (a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and UDMH) for its fuel instead of the liquid oxygen and RP-1 combination used in the Titan I.


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