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Thyrotropin releasing hormone

thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone.svg
Identifiers
Symbol TRH
Entrez 7200
HUGO 12298
OMIM 275120
RefSeq NM_007117
UniProt P20396
Other data
Locus Chr. 3 q13.3-q21
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Clinical data
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.041.934
Chemical and physical data
Formula C16H22N6O4
Molar mass 362.38367 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Identifiers
Symbol TRH
Pfam PF05438
InterPro IPR008857

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) or thyroliberin, is a releasing hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, that stimulates the release of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. It is a tropic, tripeptidal hormone.

TRH has been used clinically for the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration and disturbance of consciousness in humans. Its pharmaceutical form is called protirelin (INN) (/prˈtrln/).

TRH is produced by the globe in medial neurons of the paraventricular nucleus. At the beginning, it is synthesized as a 242-amino acid precursor polypeptide that contains 6 copies of the sequence -Gln-His-Pro-Gly-, flanked by Lys-Arg or Arg-Arg sequences.

To produce the mature form, a series of enzymes are required. First, a protease cleaves to the C-terminal side of the flanking Lys-Arg or Arg-Arg. Second, a carboxypeptidase removes the Lys/Arg residues leaving Gly as the C-terminal residue. Then, this Gly is converted into an amide residue by a series of enzymes collectively known as peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating monooxygenase. Concurrently with these processing steps, the N-terminal Gln (glutamine) is converted into pyroglutamate (a cyclic residue). These multiple steps produce 6 copies of the mature TRH molecule per precursor molecule for human TRH (5 for mouse TRH).


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