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Theoxena of Syracuse


Theoxena (Greek: Θεόξενα; born before 317 BC; died after 289 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman. Through her mother’s second marriage, she was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty and through marriage was a Queen of Sicily.

Theoxena was the second daughter and third child of the noblewoman Berenice and her first husband Philip. She had two older siblings: a brother called Magas and a sister called Antigone.

Her father, Philip, was the son of Amyntas by an unnamed mother. Based on the implying of Plutarch (Pyrrhus 4.4), her father was previously married and had children, including daughters born to him. He served as a military officer in the service of the Greek King Alexander the Great and was known in commanding one division of the Phalanx in Alexander’s wars.

Her mother Berenice was a noblewoman from Eordeaea. She was the daughter of local obscure nobleman Magas and noblewoman Antigone. Berenice’s mother was the niece of the powerful Regent Antipater and was a distant collateral relative to the Argead dynasty. Her name was either chosen by her parents or she was probably named in honor of a relative either from her mother’s or father’s family.

About 318 BC, her father died of natural causes. After the death of Theoxena’s father, Theoxena's mother took her and her siblings to Egypt where they were a part of the entourage of her mother’s second maternal cousin Eurydice. Eurydice was then the wife of Ptolemy I Soter, the first Greek Pharaoh and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty.


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