Thanthai Periyar

E.V. Ramasamy naicker
E.V. Ramasamy naicker in 1968.
Born	(1879-09-17)17 September 1879 Erode, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India)
Died	24 December 1973(1973-12-24) (aged 94) Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Other names	E.V.R., naicker, Vaikam Veerar.
Occupation	Activist, politician, reformist.
Political party	Indian National Congress Justice Party Founder of Dravidar Kazhagam
Movement	Self-Respect Movement, Dravidian Nationalism
Spouse(s)	Nagammai (died in 1933), Maniammai(1948- 1973)
Awards	UNESCO (1970)

Erode Venkata Ramasamy (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), was commonly known as Periyar also referred to as Thanthai Periyar, was a social activist, and politician who started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam.

E.V. Ramasamy was born in Erode, Madras Presidency to Venkata Naicker and Chinnathayee . From his childhood, Ramasamy is known for his controversial comments on religious belief and on brahmins. Being the son of a wealthy person, everyone was fond of him. He was dropped out from school at second grade due to his growing hyper activities. He witnessed numerous incidents of caste and gender discrimination .

E.V. Ramasamy joined the Indian National Congress in 1919, but resigned in 1925 when he felt that the party was only serving the interests of the Brahmins. He questioned the subjugation of Dravidians as the Brahmins enjoyed gifts and donations from them but opposed and discriminated them in cultural and religious matters. In 1924, E.V. Ramasamy participated in a non-violent agitation (satyagraha) in Vaikom, Kerala. From 1929 to 1932 Ramasamy toured British Malaya, Europe, and Russia, which had an influence on him. In 1939, E.V. Ramasamy became the head of the Justice Party, and in 1944, he changed its name to Dravidar Kazhagam. The party later split and one group led by C. N. Annadurai formed the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in 1949. While continuing the Self-Respect Movement, he advocated for an independent Dravida Nadu (land of the Dravidians).

E.V. Ramasamy propagated the principles of rationalism, self-respect, women’s rights and eradication of caste. He opposed the exploitation and marginalisation of the non-Brahmin Dravidian people of South India and the imposition of what he considered Indo-Aryan India.