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Tetraethyl lead

Tetraethyllead
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name
Tetraethylplumbane
Other names
Lead tetraethyl

Tetraethyl lead

Tetra-ethyl lead
Identifiers
78-00-2 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
Abbreviations TEL
3903146
ChEBI CHEBI:30182 YesY
ChemSpider 6265 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.979
EC Number 201-075-4
68951
MeSH Tetraethyl+lead
PubChem 6511
RTECS number TP4550000
UNII 13426ZWT6A YesY
UN number 1649
Properties
C8H20Pb
Molar mass 323.45 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor pleasant, sweet
Density 1.653 g cm−3
Melting point −136 °C (−213 °F; 137 K)
Boiling point 84 to 85 °C (183 to 185 °F; 357 to 358 K) 15 mmHg
0.00002% (20 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.2 mmHg (20 °C)
1.5198
Structure
Tetrahedral
0 D
Hazards
GHS-pictogram-skull.svgGHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
R-phrases R61, R26/27/28, R33, R50/53, R62
S-phrases S53, S45, S60, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 2: Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur. Flash point between 38 and 93 °C (100 and 200 °F). E.g., diesel fuel Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g., fluorine Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 73 °C (163 °F; 346 K)
Explosive limits 1.8%–?
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 35 mg/kg (rat, oral)
17 mg/kg (rat, oral)
12.3 mg/kg (rat, oral)
30 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
24 mg/kg (rat, oral)
850 mg/m3 (rat, 1 hr)
650 mg/m3 (mouse, 7 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.075 mg/m3 [skin]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.075 mg/m3 [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 40 mg/m3 (as Pb)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Tetraethylgermanium

Tetraethyltin
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Tetraethyl lead

Tetraethyltin

Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH3CH2)4Pb.

TEL was mixed with gasoline (petrol) beginning in the 1920s as a patented octane rating booster that allowed engine compression to be raised substantially, which in turn increased vehicle performance or fuel economy.Ethanol was already known as a widely available, inexpensive, low toxicity octane booster, but TEL was promoted because it was uniquely profitable to the patent holders. TEL in automotive fuel was phased out starting in the U.S. in the mid-1970s because of its cumulative neurotoxicity and its damaging effect on catalytic converters. When present in fuel, TEL is also the main cause of spark plug fouling. TEL is still used as an additive in some grades of aviation gasoline, and in some developing countries.

Innospec has claimed to be the last firm still making TEL, but as of 2013 TEL was apparently being produced illegally by several companies in China. As of June 2016 only Algeria, Yemen, and Iraq continue widespread use of leaded gasoline.

TEL is produced by reacting chloroethane with a sodium–lead alloy.

TEL is also produced by reacting Ethylmagnesium Iodide with lead(II) chloride.


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Wikipedia

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