Temascalcingo
| Temascalcingo (de José María Velasco) | |
|---|---|
| Town & Municipality | |
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 Temascalcingo (de José María Velasco)
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| Coordinates: 19°54′53″N 100°00′13″W / 19.91472°N 100.00361°WCoordinates: 19°54′53″N 100°00′13″W / 19.91472°N 100.00361°W | |
| Country |
 Mexico
|
| State | State of Mexico |
| Municipal Status | 1826 |
| Government | |
| • Municipal President | Sebastian Gerardo Lezama Plata (2006–2009) |
| Elevation (of seat) | 2,260 m (7,410 ft) |
| Population (2005) Municipality | |
| • Municipality | 58,169 |
| • Seat | 11,454 |
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) |
| Postal code (of seat) | 50400 |
| Area code(s) | 718 |
| Website | (Spanish) www.temascalcingo.gob.mx |
Temascalcingo de José María Velasco is a town and seat of the municipality of Temascalcingo in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It is located in the northeast of the state. The temazcal was very common in Temascalcingo. The name Temascalcingo has its roots in Nahuatl. It means place of the little temazcal. The town is one of the "Pueblo con Encanto" (Towns with Charm) of the State of Mexico.
The earliest settlements in the area go back over 10,000 years and are situated near what is today the Lerma River. The earliest known inhabitands of the area were the Mazahua. It was originally called "Ñiñi Mbate" which probably means 'place of the small plain' but possibly 'place of the first man'. This area was conquered by the Aztecs before the 16th century, and its last Aztec governor was named Ocoyotzen. When the Spanish invaded, the Mazahuas and the Otomis of this area united with the Aztecs to fight them. However, after the Spanish victory, Hernán Cortés distributed this area, along with Metepec to Francisco de Villegas in 1540. In 1535, the Franciscans began evangelization here, establishing churches and renaming the area, San Miguel Temascalcingo. Through the 18th century, haciendas here grew to supply grain to mining areas like Tlalpujahua and El Oro. Because of a history of mistreatment by colonial authorities, the residents here sided early with Hidalgo when the Mexican War of Independence broke out in 1810. Shortly after the end of the war, the State of Mexico was created in 1824 and the municipality of Temascalcingo in 1825, with San Miguel Temascalcingo as the seat. This area was the scene of a destructive earthquake in 1912. As the birthplace of the painter José María Velasco Gómez, the town changed its name to Temascalcingo de José María Velasco July 14, 1945 by decree. However, it is still commonly referred to simply as "Temascalcingo". In 1988, a group of residents from Tepeolulco, a community under Temascalcingo's jurisdiction, took over the municipal hall to protest water supplies and civil rights violations.
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