Taluqdari

A talukhdar or talukdar or talukder or thalukdhar or taluqdar (Urdu: تعلقدار‎, Hindi: तालुक़दार, Bengali: তালুকদার) (from Arabic ta'alluq, "attachment " + dar "land"), is a term used for Indian land holders in Mughal and British times, responsible for collecting taxes from a district. It may convey somewhat different meanings in different parts of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. The historical equivalent in Britain might similar to a member of the landed aristocracy, or perhaps a Lord of the Manor (depending on the region of India).

(1) A land holder (minor royalty) with administrative power over a district of 84 villages in Punjab, Rajasthan and rest of North India/United Provinces.

(2) An official in Hyderabad State during the British colonial era, equivalent to a magistrate and tax collector.

(3) A landholder with peculiar tenures in various other parts of British India.

The district or estate ruled by a Taluqdar was known as talukdari or taluqdari. According to the Punjab settlement report of 1862, great land holders were appointed Taluqdars over a number of villages during the Mughal era. That Taluq or district usually comprised over 84 villages and a central town. The Talukdar was required to collect taxes, maintain law & order, and provide military supplies/manpower to the provincial government (similar to the role of feudal lords in Europe). In most cases the Talukdars were entitled to keep one tenth of the collected revenue. However, some privileged Talukdars were entitled to one quarter and hence were called Chaudhry, which literally means owner of the fourth part.

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