Taichang Emperor
| Taichang Emperor | |||||||||||||||||
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| 14th Emperor of the Ming dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 28 August 1620 – 26 September 1620 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Wanli Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Tianqi Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 28 August 1582 | ||||||||||||||||
| Died | 26 September 1620 (aged 38) | ||||||||||||||||
| Burial | Qingling, Ming Dynasty Tombs, Beijing | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | (d.1614) (d.1619) (d.1615) |
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| Issue | 7 sons and 4 daughters | ||||||||||||||||
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| Father | Wanli Emperor | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Dowager Xiaojing | ||||||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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Family name: Zhu (朱) Given name: Changluo (常洛) |
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| Era name and dates | |
| Taichang (泰昌): 28 August 1620 – 21 January 1621 | |
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Emperor Chongtian Qidao Yingrui Gongchun Xianwen Jingwu Yuanren Yixiao Zhen 崇天契道英睿恭純憲文景武淵仁懿孝貞皇帝 |
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| Temple name | |
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Ming Guangzong 明光宗 |
The Taichang Emperor (Chinese: 泰昌; pinyin: Tàichāng; 28 August 1582 – 26 September 1620), personal name Zhu Changluo (Chinese: 朱常洛), was the fourteenth emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. He was the eldest son of the Wanli Emperor and succeeded his father as emperor in 1620. However, his reign came to an abrupt end less than one month after his coronation when he was found dead one morning in the palace following a bout of diarrhea. He was succeeded by his son, Zhu Youjiao, who was enthroned as the Tianqi Emperor. His era name, Taichang, means "grand prosperity".
Zhu Changluo was born in 1582, the 10th year of the Wanli era, to the Wanli Emperor and a palace attendant, Lady Wang, who served the Wanli Emperor's mother, Empress Dowager Xiaoding. After it was discovered that Lady Wang was pregnant, the Wanli Emperor was persuaded by his mother to make her a concubine and awarded her the title "Consort Gong of the Second Grade" (恭妃). She was not one of the Wanli Emperor's favourite consorts. After his birth, Zhu Changluo was largely ignored by his father even though he, as the firstborn son of the emperor, was entitled to be the heir apparent (crown prince) according to the Ming dynasty's law of succession. He was born shortly after his elder sister, the Princess Rongchang; the Wanli Emperor's eldest child and only child with his primary wife Empress Xiaoduanxian.
Zhu Changluo spent most of his life as a hapless pawn in a power struggle for the title of crown prince. The Wanli Emperor openly preferred naming Zhu Changxun, his younger son born to his favourite consort Noble Consort Zheng, as crown prince over the seniority of Zhu Changluo, but his intention was met with vehement opposition by most of his Confucian-educated ministers. Frustrated by the multiple petitions to instate Zhu Changluo as crown prince, the Wanli Emperor decided to stonewall the entire issue. Some historians have suggested that the impasse on the selection of crown prince was part of the cause of the Wanli Emperor's withdrawal from daily government administration.
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