Tagalog Republic
| Sovereign Tagalog Nation | ||||||||||
| Haring Bayang Katagalugan | ||||||||||
| Unrecognized state | ||||||||||
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Anthem Marangál na Dalit ng̃ Katagalugan ("Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation") |
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| Capital | Tondo (Manila) | |||||||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic | |||||||||
| President | Andrés Bonifacio | |||||||||
| Historical era | Philippine Revolution | |||||||||
| • | Established | August 24, 1896 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | May 10, 1897 | ||||||||
| Currency | Peso | |||||||||
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| Republic of Katagalugan | ||||||||||
| Repúbliká ng̃ Katagalugan | ||||||||||
| Unrecognized state | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Not specified | |||||||||
| Government | Republic | |||||||||
| President | Macario Sakay | |||||||||
| Vice President | Francisco Carreón | |||||||||
| Historical era | Philippine–American War | |||||||||
| • | Declaration of Independence | May 6, 1902 | ||||||||
| • | Capture of Macario Sakay | July 14, 1906 | ||||||||
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Tagalog Republic (Filipino: Republika ng Katagalugan) is a term used to refer to two revolutionary governments involved in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine–American War. Both were connected to the Katipunan revolutionary movement.
The term Tagalog refers to both an ethno-linguistic group in the Philippines and their language. Katagalugan may refer to the historical Tagalog regions in the large island of Luzon, the northern part of the Philippine Archipelago.
However, the Katipunan secret society extended the meaning of these terms to all natives in the Philippine islands. The society's primer explains its use of Tagalog in a footnote:
(The word tagalog means all those born in this archipelago; therefore, though visayan, ilocano, pampango, etc. they are all tagalogs.)
The revolutionary Carlos Ronquillo wrote in his memoirs:
(Tagalog or, stated more clearly, the name "tagalog" has no other meaning but "tagailog" which, traced directly to its root, refers to those who prefer to settle along rivers, truly a trait, it cannot be denied, of all those born in the Philippines, in whatever island or town.)
In this respect, Katagalugan may be translated as the "Tagalog nation."
Andrés Bonifacio, a founding member of the Katipunan and later its supreme head (Supremo), promoted the use of Katagalugan for the Philippine nation. The term "Filipino" was then reserved for Spaniards born in the islands. By eschewing "Filipino" and "Filipinas" which had colonial roots, Bonifacio and his cohorts "sought to form a national identity."
In 1896, the Philippine Revolution broke out after the discovery of the Katipunan by the authorities. Prior to the outbreak of hostilities, the Katipunan had become an open revolutionary government. The American historian John R. M. Taylor, custodian of the Philippine Insurgent Records, wrote:
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