Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
| Insular Government of the Philippine Islands | ||||||||||
| U.S. territory | ||||||||||
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 Location of Philippine Islands in Asia
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| Capital | Manila | |||||||||
| Languages | Spanish, English and Philippine languages | |||||||||
| Political structure | U.S. territory | |||||||||
| Governor-General | ||||||||||
| • | 1901-04 | William H. Taft | ||||||||
| • | 1913-21 | Francis B. Harrison | ||||||||
| • | 1921-27 | Leonard Wood | ||||||||
| • | 1933-35 | Frank Murphy | ||||||||
| Legislature | Philippine Legislature | |||||||||
| • | Upper house |
Philippine Commission (1901-16) Senate (1916-35) |
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| • | Lower house |
Philippine Assembly (1907-16) House of Representatives (1916-35) |
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| Historical era | Twentieth century | |||||||||
| • | Established by the Spooner Amendment | 1 July 1901 | ||||||||
| • | Reorganized by the Philippine Organic Act | 1 July 1902 | ||||||||
| • | Reorganized by the Jones Law | 29 August 1916 | ||||||||
| • | Dissolved by the Tydings–McDuffie Act | 15 November 1935 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1903 | 300,000 km² (115,831 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1903 est. | 7,635,426 | ||||||||
| Density | 25.5 /km² (65.9 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1918 est. | 10,350,640 | ||||||||
| Density | 34.5 /km² (89.4 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Philippine peso | |||||||||
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| a. | Area and population figures are from Notes on the vital statistics of the Philippine census of 1903 (1906), p. 1, and Census of the Philippine Islands taken under the direction of the Philippine Legislature in the year 1918 (1920), p. 72. | |||||||||
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The Insular Government of the Philippine Islands was a territorial government of the United States of America created in 1901 in what is now the Philippines. The name reflects the fact that it was a civilian administration under the authority of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, in contrast to the military government that it replaced.
The government was originally organized in the newly acquired territory by the executive branch of the American government in order to replace military governance with civilian. Very quickly, in 1902, the United States Congress passed the Philippine Organic Act, which formally organized the Insular Government and served as its basic law, or organic act, similar to a constitution. This act provided for a Governor-General of the Philippines appointed by the President of the United States, as well as a bicameral Philippine Legislature with the appointed Philippine Commission as the upper house and a fully elected, fully Filipino elected lower house, the Philippine Assembly.
In 1916, Philippine Organic Act was replaced by the Jones Law, which ended the Philippine Commission and provided for both houses of the Philippine Legislature to be elected.
Finally, in 1935, the Insular Government was succeeded by the Commonwealth of the Philippines, still under the American government, as a previsionary step towards full independence in ten years. Delayed by World War II, the Philippines gained full sovereignty in 1946.
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