Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke
| Women's 100 metre backstroke at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad
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| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Stadium | ||||||||||||||||
| Dates | 7 August 2016 (heats & semifinals) 8 August 2016 (final) |
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| Competitors | 34 from 28 nations | ||||||||||||||||
| Winning time | 58.45 | ||||||||||||||||
| Medalists | |||||||||||||||||
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Katinka Hosszú |
 Hungary
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Kathleen Baker |
 United States
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Kylie Masse |
 Canada
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Fu Yuanhui |
 China
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The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 7–8 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.
After a world-record breaking victory in the 400 m individual medley two days earlier, Hungary's Katinka Hosszú touched out the U.S. swimmer Kathleen Baker at the home stretch to capture the sprint backstroke crown, and her second gold medal at these Games. Approaching the 50-metre lap, Baker had a tactical turn to pull herself ahead of the field with a marginal lead, but Hosszú passed the American at the final 25-metre stretch to touch the wall first with a Hungarian record of 58.45. Falling three tenths of a second short of the Olympic title, Baker picked up the silver instead at 58.75. Meanwhile, Canada's Kylie Masse and China's Fu Yuanhui tied for the bronze in a matching 58.76, breaking their national records respectively.
Trailing the top four by a 0.35-second margin, Denmark's Mie Nielsen finished off the podium with a fifth-place time in 58.80, while Baker's teammate Olivia Smoliga moved up to sixth with a 58.95. London 2012 silver medalist and reigning World champion Emily Seebohm faded to seventh in 59.19, with fellow Australian swimmer Madison Wilson (59.23) finishing behind her by 0.04 of a second to round out the championship field.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.
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