Hungary competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Hungarian athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for two occasions. Hungary was not invited to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, because of its role in the first World War, and was also part of the Soviet boycott, when Los Angeles hosted the 1984 Summer Olympics.

The following competitors won several medals at the 2016 Olympic Games.

The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games. Note that reserves in fencing, field hockey, football, and handball are not counted as athletes:

Hungarian athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event):

Hungary has qualified one badminton player for the women's singles into the Olympic tournament. Laura Sarosi picked up one of the spare athlete berths freed by the Tripartite Commission as the next highest-ranked eligible player in the BWF World Rankings as of 5 May 2016.

Hungary has entered two boxers to compete in each of the following weight classes into the Olympic boxing tournament. London 2012 Olympian Zoltán Harcsa had claimed his Olympic spot with a semifinal victory in the men's middleweight division at the 2016 European Qualification Tournament in Samsun, Turkey, while welterweight boxer Imre Bacskai secured an additional place on the Hungarian roster with his quarterfinal triumph at the 2016 AIBA World Qualifying Tournament in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Hungarian canoeists have qualified a total of eleven boats in each of the following distances for the Games through the 2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships. Meanwhile, three additional boats (men's K-1 200 m, men's K-1 1000 m, and men's K-2 1000 m) were awarded to the Hungarian squad by virtue of a top two national finish at the 2016 European Qualification Regatta in Duisburg, Germany.

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