Sumo Mohe
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Mòhé |
| Wade–Giles | Mo-ho |
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| Revised Romanization | Malgal |
| McCune–Reischauer | Malgal |
The Mohe, Malgal, or Mogher were a Tungusic people in ancient Manchuria. They are sometimes considered the ancestors of the Jurchens, modern-day Manchus and other Tungusic peoples. According to some records, they originally dwelt near the Liao River and later migrated southward. They were involved in the ancient history of Korea: the records of the southern Korean Kingdoms of Baekje and Silla during the 1st century and 2nd century AD include numerous battles against the Mohe. Later, they became subject to the northern Korean kingdom of Goguryeo and its successor state, Balhae.
The Mohe were divided into various tribes; among these were the Sumo Mohe, which were eventually conquered by the Korean Goguryeo empire, as well as other Mohe tribes which were conquered by the Chinese Sui Dynasty, which re-led to the Korean-Chinese Wars. Many Mohe moved back toward their northern homeland during this period of foreign rule. The "Mohe" section of the "Communications of the Northern Barbarians" (北狄傳, Beidi Zhuan) in the Old Book of Tang states: "Their country is all (or "roughly") composed of some tens of 'bu' (roughly "tribes," but also just generally meaning "divisions"), each having a chief, some of whom are attached to Goguryeo, and some of whom serve as common people (i.e., vassals) to the Tujue."
The Mohe were also a constituent population of the kingdom of Balhae, 698-926. The founder of Balhae, Dae Jo-yeong was possibly a former Goguryeo general of Sumo Mohe stock; however, the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms (Samguk Yusa), a Korean record written several hundred years later, states that he was of Goguryeo stock.
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