Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
سلطنة مسقط وعمان
Independent state, British Protectorate (1892–1971)
1820–1970
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Capital		Muscat
Languages		Yemeni Arabic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish, English
Religion		Ibadi Islam
Government		Absolute monarchy
History
•	General Maritime Treaty	8 January 1820
•	Release of Zanzibar	1856
•	Dhofar rebellion	1962
•	Deposition of Said bin Taimur	23 July 1970
•	Disestablished	1970
Preceded by Succeeded by Sultanate of Muscat Imamate of Oman Oman Sultanate of Zanzibar

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The Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (Arabic: سلطنة مسقط وعمان‎‎ Salṭanat Masqaṭ wa-‘Umān) was a thalassocratic nation that encompassed the present day Sultanate of Oman and parts of present-day United Arab Emirates and Gwadar, Pakistan. Certain Western regions of neighboring Pakistan (Gwadar) were also part of the Sultanate. The country is not to be confused with Trucial Oman, which were sheikhdoms under British protection since 1820.

Historical differences always existed between the more secular, rich, seafaring coastal Sultanate of Muscat and the tribes of the interior. Though the inland territories were under nominal control of the Sultans of Muscat, they were in practice run by tribal leaders and the conservative Imams of Oman, practitioners of the Ibadi sect of Islam.

The Sultanate of Muscat possessed a powerful naval force, which enabled the creation of a maritime empire dating from the expulsion of the Portuguese in 1650 through the 19th century, at times encompassing modern Oman, the United Arab Emirates, southern Baluchistan, and Zanzibar and the adjacent coasts of Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. The Sultanate of Muscat also engaged in a very lucrative slave trade across east Africa. Recently, a claim was made by an Omani minister, suggesting that the Sultanate controlled the distant Mascarene Islands as early as the 15th century.

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