Sultanate of Kano
| Massarautar Kano Al Sultan Al Kano |
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| Religious Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Anthem Busar Bagauda Drum of Bagauda |
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| Capital |
Dala (1349- ????) Kano (1430-1805) |
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| Languages | Hausa (official), Arabic | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam, Hausa Animism | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Government |
Absolute Monarchy (1349-1805) |
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| List of sultans of Kano | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1349 | Ali Yaji Dan Tsamiya (first) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1781-1807 | Muhammadu Alwali Ibn Yaji (last) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Grand Vizier | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | ???–???? | Zaiti (first) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1782-1807 | Muhammadu Bakatsine (last) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Shura/ Taran Kano | |||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Upper house | House of Nine | ||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Founded | ???? 1350 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Ascension of Queen Amina | 1430 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | First Interregnum | 1450 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Ascension of Kisoki | 1509 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Fulani Jihad | 1805 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Fall of the Cult of Tsumbubbura | ??? 1805 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Dirham, Salt, Gold | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
Countries today
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The Sultanate of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Nigeria that dates back to 1349, When the then King of Kano; Ali Yaji (1349-1385) dissolved the cult of Tsumbubra, accepted Islam and proclaimed Kano a Sultanate. before 1000 AD, Kano had been ruled as an Animist Hausa Kingdom. The Sultanate lasted until the Fulani jihad in 1805 and the assassination of the Last Sultan of Kano in 1807. The Sultanate was then replaced by the Kano Emirate, subject to the Sokoto Caliphate. The capital is now the modern city of Kano in Kano State.
Kano lies to the north of the Jos Plateau, located in the Sudanian Savanna region that stretches across the south of the Sahel. The city lies near where the Kano and Challawa rivers flowing from the southwest converge to form the Hadejia River, which eventually flows into Lake Chad to the east. The climate is hot all year round. Rainfall is variable, ranging from 350mm to 1,300mm annually with the mean around 950mm, almost all falling during June–September period. Traditionally agriculture was based on lifting water to irrigate small parcels of land along river channels in the dry season, known as the Shadouf system. At the time when the kingdom was flourishing, tree cover would have been more extensive and the soil less degraded than it is today.
Our knowledge of the early history of Kano comes largely from the Kano Chronicle, a compilation of oral tradition and some older documents composed in the nineteenth century, as well as more recently conducted archaeology.
In the 7th century, Dala Hill, a hill in Kano, was the site of a community that engaged in iron-working. It is unknown whether these were Hausa people or speakers of Niger–Congo languages. Some sources say they were Hausa speaking hunter/gatherers known as Abagayawa who migrated from Gaya. The Arab geographer al-Yaqubi, writing in 872/873 CE (AH 259), describes a kingdom called "HBShH" with a city named "ThBYR" ruled by a king called "MRH" (none of these words are vocalized, so their actual pronunciation can vary), located between the Niger Bend and the Kingdom of Kanem. If the kingdom's name is vocalized as "Habasha" it would correspond with other Arabic language texts that also appear to refer to the Hausa, and would be the earliest reference to the Hausa region.
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Wikipedia