Kingdom of Kano
| Sarautar Kano Ad Daulat Al Kano |
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| Tribal Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||
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Anthem Busar Bagauda Drum of Bagauda |
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| Capital |
Dala (999- ???) Kano (???-1200) |
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| Languages | Hausa (official), Arabic | |||||||||||||||
| Religion | Hausa Animism | |||||||||||||||
| Government |
Absolute Monarchy (999-1349) |
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| List of Kings of Kano | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 999 | Bagauda (first) | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1349 | Ali Yaji Dan Tsamiya (last) | ||||||||||||||
| Grand Vizier | ||||||||||||||||
| • | ???–???? | shamaki (first) | ||||||||||||||
| • | ??? | ??? (last) | ||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Taran Kano | |||||||||||||||
| • | Upper house | House of Nine | ||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Founded | ???? 999 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Fall of the Maghira Dynasty | 800 Circa | ||||||||||||||
| • | Rise of the Cult of Tsumbubura | 1100 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Battle of Santolo | 1349 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Fall of the Cult of Tsumbubbura | ??? 1340 | ||||||||||||||
| Currency | Dirham, Salt, Gold, Cowries | |||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
Countries today
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The Kingdom of Kano was a Hausa kingdom in the north of what is now Northern Nigeria that dates back before 1000 AD, and lasted until the proclamation of the Sultanate of Kano by King Ali Yaji Dan Tsamiya in 1349. The kingdom was then replaced by the Sultanate of Kano, under the suzerainty of a Muslim Sultan The capital is now the modern city of Kano in Kano State.
Kano lies to the north of the Jos Plateau, located in the Sudanian Savanna region that stretches across the south of the Sahel. The city lies near where the Kano and Challawa rivers flowing from the southwest converge to form the Hadejia River, which eventually flows into Lake Chad to the east. The climate is hot all year round. Rainfall is variable, ranging from 350mm to 1,300mm annually with the mean around 950mm, almost all falling during June–September period. Traditionally agriculture was based on lifting water to irrigate small parcels of land along river channels in the dry season, known as the Shadouf system. At the time when the kingdom was flourishing, tree cover would have been more extensive and the soil less degraded than it is today.
Our knowledge of the early history of Kano comes largely from the Kano Chronicle, a compilation of oral tradition and some older documents composed in the nineteenth century, as well as more recently conducted archaeology.
In the 7th century, Dala Hill, a hill in Kano, was the site of a community that engaged in iron-working. It is unknown whether these were Hausa people or speakers of Niger–Congo languages. Some sources say they were Hausa speaking hunter/gatherers known as Abagayawa who migrated from Gaya. The Arab geographer al-Yaqubi, writing in 872/873 CE (AH 259), describes a kingdom called "HBShH" with a city named "ThBYR" ruled by a king called "MRH" (none of these words are vocalized, so their actual pronunciation can vary), located between the Niger Bend and the Kingdom of Kanem. If the kingdom's name is vocalized as "Habasha" it would correspond with other Arabic language texts that also appear to refer to the Hausa, and would be the earliest reference to the Hausa region.
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Wikipedia