Sulfanyl
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| Names | |
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Systematic IUPAC name
Sulfanyl(substitutive)
Hydridosulfur(•)(additive) |
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| Other names
λ1-Sulfane
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| 299 | |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| HS• | |
| Molar mass | 33.073 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | Yellow gas |
| Reacts | |
| Thermochemistry | |
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Std molar
entropy (S |
195.63 J K−1 mol−1 |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
139.33 kJ mol−1 |
| Related compounds | |
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Related radicals
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Hydroxyl |
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Related compounds
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Hydrogen sulfide |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Sulfanyl (HS•) also known as the mercapto radical, hydrosulfide radical, or hydridosulfur, is a simple radical molecule consisting of one hydrogen and one sulfur atom. The radical appears in metabolism in organisms as H2S is detoxified. Sulfanyl is one of the top three sulfur containing gasses in gas giants such as Jupiter and is very likely to be found in brown dwarfs and cool stars. It was originally discovered by Margaret N. Lewis and John U. White at University of California in 1939. They observed molecular absorption bands around 325 nm belonging to the system designated by 2Σ+ ← 2Πi. They generated the radical by means of a radio frequency discharge in hydrogen sulfide. HS• is formed during the degradation of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere of the Earth. This may be a deliberate action to destroy odours or a natural phenomena.
Absorption lines of sulfanyl in space were first detected in the infrared by Yamamura (2000) in a star R And. In the sun •SH was detected at several ultraviolet wavelengths: 326.0459, 327.5468, 328.9749, 330.0892 and 330.1112 nm.
Sulfanyl has been detected in interstellar gas, and it is possibly present in comets.
Various theoretical studies have examined HS• in atmospheres. In Earth's atmosphere HS• reacts with NO2 to make two products HSNO2 and HSONO. HSONO decomposes to HSO and NO. HS• also reacts with O2 and N2O. HS• can also react with Cl2 producing HSCl and a Cl• atom. HS• destroys ozone producing HSO• and oxygen. HS• is formed in the Earth's atmosphere by the reaction of HO•, the hydroxyl radical, on carbon disulfide, carbon oxysulfide and hydrogen sulfide with side products of carbon dioxide and water. Photodissociation of hydrogen sulfide also produces the radical in air.
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