South Manchuria Railway
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Native name
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南満州鉄道 |
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| Founded | 26 November 1906 |
| Headquarters |
Dairen, SMR Railway Zone, Xinjing, Manchukuo (after 1931) |
South Manchuria Railway (Chinese: 南滿鐵路; pinyin: Nánmǎn Tiělù), later also known as the Changda Railway (Chinese: 長大鐵路; pinyin: Cháng Dà Tiělù), is the historical name of the combined length of the Shenyang-Dalian Railway and the Shenyang—Changchun portion of the Beijing–Harbin Railway, roughly along the same corridor as the modern day Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway. It was built in 1898-1903 by Imperial Russia as the southern branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway, according to the 1896 secret treaty and the 1898 lease convention between Qing China and Russia in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War. After the Russo-Japanese War, Imperial Japan seized control of all the length of the railway south of Changchun, and renamed it as the South Manchurian Railway.
The South Manchuria Railway Company (南満洲鉄道株式会社 Minami Manshū Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha?), or Mantetsu (満鉄?, literally "Manchurian Railway") for short, was a company founded by the Japanese in 1906 and operated within the Japanese-controlled South Manchuria Railway Zone. The Japanese-controlled railway ran from Lüshun Port at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula to Changchun, where it connected to the Russian-controlled portion of the southern Chinese Eastern Railway. The company was often referred to as "Japan's East India Company in China".
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