Somali Democratic Republic
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Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliya الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية al-Jumhūrīyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah aṣ-Ṣūmālīyah |
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Anthem Anthem of the Somali Democratic Republic |
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| Capital | Mogadishu | |||||||||
| Languages | Official: Somali · Arabic Working: Italian · English |
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| Religion | Islam | |||||||||
| Government | Marxist–Leninist one-party state | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1969–1991 | Siad Barrea | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1969–1970 | Mohamed Farah Salad | ||||||||
| • | 1990–1991 | Muhammad Hawadle Madar | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||||||
| • | Established | 21 October 1969 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 26 January 1991 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1972 | 637,657 km² (246,201 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1972 est. | 2,941,000 | ||||||||
| Density | 4.6 /km² (11.9 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| • | 1991 est. | 6,709,161 | ||||||||
| Density | 10.5 /km² (27.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Somali shilling (SOS) | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Somalia
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| a. | Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council from 1969–1976 & after 1980. | |||||||||
The Somali Democratic Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliya, Arabic: الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية al-Jumhūrīyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah aṣ-Ṣūmālīyah, Italian: Repubblica Democratica Somala) was the name that the Marxist–Leninist government of former President of Somalia Major General Mohamed Siad Barre gave to Somalia during its reign, after having seized power in a bloodless 1969 coup d'état. The putsch came a few days after the assassination of Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, the nation's second President, by one of his own bodyguards. Barre's administration would rule Somalia for the following 21 years, until the outbreak of the civil war in 1991.
Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. Kediye officially held the title of "Father of the Revolution," and Barre shortly afterwards became the head of the SRC. The SRC subsequently arrested members of the former civilian government, banned political parties, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.
The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's traditional and religious links with the Arab world, eventually joining the Arab League (AL) in 1974. That same year, Barre also served as chairman of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the predecessor of the African Union (AU).
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Wikipedia