Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate

Names
IUPAC name Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Other names Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, nahcolite
Identifiers
CAS Number	144-55-8 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	4153970
ChEBI	CHEBI:32139 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1353 Y
ChemSpider	8609 Y
DrugBank	DB01390 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.122
EC Number	205-633-8
IUPHAR/BPS	4507
KEGG	C12603 Y
MeSH	Sodium+bicarbonate
PubChem	516892
RTECS number	VZ0950000
UNII	8MDF5V39QO Y
InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-REWHXWOFAQ
SMILES [Na+].OC([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	NaHCO 3
Molar mass	84.0066 g mol−1
Appearance	White crystals
Odor	odorless
Density	2.20 g/cm3 as a solid 1.1 to 1.3 as a powder
Melting point	(decomposes to sodium carbonate starting at 50 °C)
Solubility in water	69 g/L (0 °C) 96 g/L (20 °C) 165 g/L (60 °C) 236 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility	0.02 wt% acetone, 2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C. insoluble in ethanol
log P	-0.82
Acidity (pKa)	10.329 6.351 (carbonic acid)
Refractive index (nD)	nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583
Structure
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	87.61 J/mol K
Std molar entropy (So298)	102 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	-947.7 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	-851.9 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	B05CB04 (WHO) B05XA02 (WHO), QG04BQ01 (WHO)
Routes of administration	Intravenous, oral
Hazards
Main hazards	Causes serious eye irritation
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
NFPA 704	0 0 1
Flash point	incombustible
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	4220 mg/kg ( rat, oral )
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium carbonate
Other cations	Ammonium bicarbonate Potassium bicarbonate
Related compounds	Sodium bisulfate Sodium hydrogen phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

1.1 to 1.3 as a powder

96 g/L (20 °C)
165 g/L (60 °C)
236 g/L (100 °C)

6.351 (carbonic acid)

Potassium bicarbonate

Sodium hydrogen phosphate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate) is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. It is among the food additives encoded by the European Union, identified as E 500. Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda. In colloquial usage, the names sodium bicarbonate and bicarbonate of soda are often truncated. Forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, bicarb, or even bica are common. The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.

The prefix "bi" in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO₃) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) as there is carbonate per sodium in sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and other carbonates. The modern way of analyzing the situation based on the exact chemical composition (which was unknown when the name "sodium bicarbonate" was coined) says this the other way around: there is half as much sodium in NaHCO₃ as in Na₂CO₃ (Na versus Na₂).