Potassium bicarbonate
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
potassium hydrogen carbonate
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| Other names
potassium acid carbonate
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.509 |
| EC Number | 206-059-0 |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| KHCO3 | |
| Molar mass | 100.115 g/mol |
| Appearance | white crystals |
| Odor | odorless |
| Density | 2.17 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 292 °C (558 °F; 565 K) (decomposes) |
| 33.7 g/100 mL (20 °C) 60 g/100 mL (60 °C) |
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| Solubility | practically insoluble in alcohol |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.329 6.351 (carbonic acid) |
| Thermochemistry | |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
-963.2 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| A12BA04 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | MSDS |
| R-phrases | R36 R37 R38 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | Non-Flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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> 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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Potassium carbonate |
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Other cations
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Sodium bicarbonate Ammonium bicarbonate |
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Related compounds
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Potassium bisulfate Potassium hydrogen phosphate |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
6.351 (carbonic acid)
Potassium bicarbonate (also known as potassium hydrogen carbonate or potassium acid carbonate) is a colorless, odorless, slightly basic, salty substance. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), potassium bicarbonate is "generally recognized as safe". There is no evidence of human carcinogenicity, no adverse effects of overexposure, and an undetermined LD50. It is among the food additives encoded by European Union, identified by the E number E501. Physically, potassium bicarbonate occurs as a crystal or a soft white granular powder. Potassium bicarbonate is very rarely found in its natural form, the mineral called kalicinite.
Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F):
It is manufactured by reversing the above: reaction of potassium carbonate with carbon dioxide and water:
The compound is used as a source of carbon dioxide for leavening in baking, extinguishing fire in dry chemical fire extinguishers, acting as a reagent, and a strong buffering agent in medications.
It is used as an additive in winemaking and as a base in foods and to regulate pH. It is a common ingredient in club soda, where it is used to soften the effect of effervescence.
Potassium bicarbonate is used as a fire suppression agent ("BC dry chemical") in some dry chemical fire extinguishers, as the principal component of the Purple-K dry chemical, and in some applications of condensed aerosol fire suppression. It is the only dry chemical fire suppression agent recognized by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association for firefighting at airport crash rescue sites. It is about twice as effective in fire suppression as sodium bicarbonate.
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