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Potassium bisulfate

Potassium bisulfate
One potassium cation and one hydrogensulfate anion
Ball-and-stick model of the component ions
Potassium bisulfate crystals on filter paper
Names
IUPAC name
Potassium hydrogen sulfate
Other names
Potassium acid sulfate
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.722
EC Number 231-594-1
PubChem CID
RTECS number TS7200000
UN number 2509
Properties
KHSO4
Molar mass 136.169 g/mol
Appearance colorless solid
Odor odorless
Density 2.245 g/cm3
Melting point 197 °C (387 °F; 470 K)
Boiling point 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (decomposes)
36.6 g/100 mL (0 °C)
49 g/100 mL (20 °C)
121.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility soluble in acetone, ethanol.
−49.8·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
-1163.3 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
Corrosive (C)
R-phrases (outdated) R34, R36, R37, R38
S-phrases (outdated) (S1/2), S26, S36/37/39, S45
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
2340 mg*kg−1
Related compounds
Related compounds
Sodium bisulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Potassium bisulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHSO4 and is the potassium acid salt of sulfuric acid.

Mercallite, the mineralogical form of potassium bisulfate, occurs very rarely. Misenite is another, more complex, form of potassium bisulfate.

Potassium bisulfate is prepared by neutralizing sulfuric acid with an equal molar amount of a potassium containing base, for example potassium hydroxide:

Potassium bisulfate is also formed by the union of sulfuric acid with potassium sulfate:

Potassium bisulfate is also the main by-product in the production of nitric acid from potassium nitrate and sulfuric acid:

Thermal decomposition of potassium bisulfate forms potassium pyrosulfate and water:

Temperatures above 600 °C further decompose potassium bisulfate to potassium sulfate and sulfur trioxide:

Aqueous solutions of potassium bisulfate behave as two separate, uncombined compounds, K2SO4 and H2SO4. Adding ethanol to the solution precipitates out potassium sulfate.

Potassium bisulfate is commonly used to prepare potassium bitartrate for winemaking. Potassium bisulfate is also used as a disintegrating agent in analytical chemistry or as a precursor to prepare potassium persulfate, a powerful oxidizing agent.


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