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Smalkaldic War

Schmalkaldic War
Carlos V en Mühlberg, by Titian, from Prado in Google Earth.jpg
Titian's Equestrian Portrait of Charles I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire (1548) celebrates Charles' victory at the Battle of Mühlberg.
Date 10 July 1546 – 23 May 1547
Location Holy Roman Empire
Result Imperial-Spanish victory
Capitulation of Wittenberg: Schmalkaldic League dissolved, Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin
Belligerents

Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V:

 Duchy of Saxony
Coat of arms of Hungary.svg Kingdom of Hungary
Blason Boheme.svg Kingdom of Bohemia and other Lands of the Bohemian Crown

Schmalkaldic League:

 Electorate of Saxony
Hesse Hesse
Electorate of the Palatinate
Bremen Wappen(Mittel).svg Bremen
Wappen Lübeck.svg Lübeck
Brunswick-Lüneburg Arms.svg Brunswick-Lüneburg
Other German territories
Commanders and leaders
Charles V Arms-personal.svg Charles V
Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand I
Holy Roman Empire Archduke Maximilian
Charles V Arms-personal.svg Duke of Alba
Electorate of Saxony Maurice of Wettin
Electorate of Saxony John Frederick I
Hesse Philip I of Hesse
Frederick III

Charles V Arms-personal.svg Empire of Charles V:

Schmalkaldic League:

The Schmalkaldic War (German: Schmalkaldischer Krieg) refers to the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (simultaneously King Charles I of Spain), commanded by Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire.

In the course of the Lutheran Reformation numerous Imperial States had adopted the new confession, against the opposition of the ruling Catholic House of Habsburg, who recognised these conversions as a quest for increasing autonomy to the detriment of the central Imperial authority. At the 1521 Diet of Worms Emperor Charles V had Martin Luther banned and the proliferation of his writings prohibited, which in 1529 provoked the Protestation at Speyer by several Lutheran estates. The tensions culminated to an open conflict over the Lutheran Augsburg Confession of 1530, the Apology of which, written by Philipp Melanchthon, was rejected by the Emperor. In turn several Lutheran states led by Elector John Frederick I of Saxony and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse met at the town of Schmalkalden, where they established the Schmalkaldic League in 1531.


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Wikipedia

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