Schmalkalden
| Schmalkalden | ||
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Schmalkalden about 1900
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 Schmalkalden
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Location of Schmalkalden within Schmalkalden-Meiningen district
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| Coordinates: 50°43′N 10°27′E / 50.717°N 10.450°ECoordinates: 50°43′N 10°27′E / 50.717°N 10.450°E | ||
| Country | Germany | |
| State | Thuringia | |
| District | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Thomas Kaminski (SPD) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 98.35 km2 (37.97 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 295 m (968 ft) | |
| Population (2015-12-31) | ||
| • Total | 19,291 | |
| • Density | 200/km2 (510/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) | |
| Postal codes | 98574 | |
| Dialling codes | 03683 | |
| Vehicle registration | SM | |
| Website | www.schmalkalden.de | |
| Lordship of Schmalkalden | ||||||||||
| Herrschaft Schmalkalden | ||||||||||
| State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Schmalkalden | |||||||||
| Government | Principality | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
| • | Acquired by Henneberg | 1247 | ||||||||
| • | Joint rule with Hesse | 1360 | ||||||||
| • | To Hesse-Kassel | 1583 | ||||||||
| • | To Thuringia | 1944 | ||||||||
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Schmalkalden (German pronunciation: [ʃmalˈkaldən]) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in the southwestern portion of Thuringia state in Germany. It is situated on the southern slope of the Thuringian Forest at the Schmalkalde river, a tributary to the Werra. As of 31 December 2010[update], the town had a population of 19,978.
First mentioned in an 874 deed, Smalcalta in the Frankish duchy of Thuringia received town privileges about 1180. When Landgrave Henry Raspe of Thuringia died without issue in 1247, it passed to the House of Henneberg-Schleusingen, while the major part of the landgraviate fell to the House of Wettin in Meissen. To secure their acquisition the Counts of Henneberg allied with the Landgraviate of Hesse, including the conclusion of an inheritance treaty. In 1360 they together with Landgrave Henry II of Hesse paid off Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg, son of Elisabeth of Henneberg.
In 1531 the town hall of Schmalkalden was the site of the establishment of the Schmalkaldic League by Protestant princes under the lead of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse, in order to protect religious and political interests within their domains. In 1537 the Smalcald Articles were drawn up by Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon and other reformers.
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