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Sir John Alexander Macdonald

The Right Honourable
Sir John A. Macdonald
GCB KCMG PC PCc QC
Macdonald1872.jpg
1st Prime Minister of Canada
In office
July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873
Monarch Victoria
Governor General The Viscount Monck
The Lord Lisgar
The Earl of Dufferin
Preceded by Office established
(see Canadian Confederation)
Succeeded by Alexander Mackenzie
In office
October 17, 1878 – June 6, 1891
Monarch Victoria
Governor General The Earl of Dufferin
Marquess of Lorne
The Marquess of Lansdowne
The Lord Stanley of Preston
Preceded by Alexander Mackenzie
Succeeded by John Abbott
9th Premier of Canada West
In office
May 24, 1856 – August 2, 1858
Monarch Victoria
Preceded by Allan MacNab
Succeeded by George Brown
In office
August 6, 1858 – May 24, 1862
Monarch Victoria
Preceded by George Brown
Succeeded by John Sandfield Macdonald
In office
May 30, 1864 – June 30, 1867
Monarch Victoria
Preceded by John Sandfield Macdonald
Succeeded by Office disestablished
(see Canadian Confederation)
Personal details
Born John Alexander Macdonald
January 11, 1815
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Died 6 June 1891(1891-06-06) (aged 76)
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Political party Conservative
Other political
affiliations
Upper Canada Tories (1843-1867)
Liberal-Conservative (1867-1873)
Spouse(s) Isabella Clark (m. 1843; her death 1857)
Agnes Bernard (m. 1867; his death 1891)
Children 3
Profession Lawyer
Signature
Military service
Nickname(s) "Old Tomorrow"
"The Old Chieftain"
Allegiance  Upper Canada
Service/branch Loyalist militia
Years of service 1837–1838
Rank Private
Unit Kingston militia
Battles/wars

Rebellions of 1837


Rebellions of 1837

Sir John Alexander Macdonald GCB KCMG PC PCc QC (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891). The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, he had a political career which spanned almost half a century.

Macdonald was born in Scotland; when he was a boy his family immigrated to Kingston in the colony of Upper Canada (today in eastern Ontario). As a lawyer he was involved in several high-profile cases and quickly became prominent in Kingston, which elected him in 1844 to the legislature of the colonial United Province of Canada. By 1857, had become premier under the colony's unstable political system.

In 1864, when no party proved capable of governing for long, Macdonald agreed to a proposal from his political rival, George Brown, that the parties unite in a Great Coalition to seek federation and political reform. Macdonald was the leading figure in the subsequent discussions and conferences, which resulted in the British North America Act and the birth of Canada as a nation on 1 July 1867. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer.


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