Siege of Jaén (1230)

Siege of Jaén

The Castillo de Otíñar which was captured in 1229 by Ferdinand III's forces in preparation for the eventual siege of Jaén.

Date	24 June 1230-September, 1230
Location	Jaén, Province of Jaén, Spain
Result	Castilian retreat and abandonment of the siege after the death of Alfonso IX of León.

Belligerents

Kingdom of Castile
Taifa of Baeza

Taifa of Jayyān (جيان)

Commanders and leaders

Ferdinand III of Castile

García Fernández de Villamayor

Unknown

Strength

Unknown

Casualties and losses

Unknown

The Siege of Jaén was one of many sieges on that city during the Spanish Reconquista. The siege was carried out from 24 June through September, 1230 by forces of the Kingdom of Castile commanded by Ferdinand III of Castile against the defending Taifa of Jayyān (جيان). The battle resulted in a Jayyānese victory after the Castilian withdrawal and abandonment of the siege immediately following the death of King Alfonso IX of León.

In 1229, Ferdinand III of Castile resumed his military campaigns against his Moorish neighbors that had been ongoing since 1224. In 1225, a previous attempt to capture the city resulted in failure when the combined forces of the Kingdom of Castile and the Taifa of Baeza withdrew due to a lack of proper siege equipment before the city's formidable defenses. In 1229, Ferdinand III commenced hostilities in the area around Jaén, taking the castle at (which was a point of immense strategic significance if a siege of the city was to be undertaken) and pillaging the areas surrounding the city. Throughout 1229, Ferdinand III continued actions on the areas surrounding Jaén for his eventual siege, capturing strongpoints and preparing for his siege the following year.

On 24 June, Ferdinand III of Castile who was by this time the King of Castile, commenced the formal siege on the city of Jaén with a determination to capture the city that had withstood his previous siege attempt five years previously. The siege of 1230 presented a greater challenge than the one in 1225 because the city defenses had been significantly improved by the ruling Taifa of Jayyān as they had expected further Castilian aggression. As a result, Ferdinand III required a much larger army to mount a definitive and decisive blow to the city.

According to the Chronicle of Ávila, the knights of Ávila, who formed a portion of the Castilian assault force, were positioned on the Cerro del Neveral (en: Neveral Hill) which was located directly in front of the castle walls. Their placement in this location was an apparent punishment for having arrived late to the city's previous siege five years before indicating an unforgiving temperament on the part of Ferdinand III. From this position, the knights of Ávila were harassed by the city's trebuchet defenses.

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