Shoichi Sakata
| Shoichi Sakata | |
|---|---|
Sakata in 1949
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| Native name | 坂田 昌一 |
| Born |
January 18, 1911 Tokyo |
| Died | December 16, 1970 (aged 59) |
| Nationality | Japan |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions |
Nagoya University Osaka University Kyoto University RIKEN |
| Notable students |
Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa |
| Known for | Sakata model |
Shoichi Sakata (坂田 昌一 Sakata Shōichi?, 18 January 1911, near Hiroshima – 16 October 1970) was a Japanese physicist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the structure of the atom. He proposed the Sakata model, which was an early precursor to the quark model.
After the end of World War II, he joined other physicists in campaigning for the peaceful uses of nuclear power.
Between 1929 and 1933 Sakata studied physics in Tokyo under Yoshio Nishina and later at the Kyoto Imperial University under Hideki Yukawa, the first Japanese Nobel laureate. He first met Yukawa at Rikagaku Kenkyūsho in Ōsaka, a private research foundation started by Yukawa. Here he worked with him from 1937 on meson theory and in 1939 accompanied him to Kyoto University where Yukawa was a lecturer. Sakata was appointed professor at Nagoya University in 1942 and remained there until his death.
Sakata was a leading Japanese researcher in elementary particles in the 1950s and 1960s, and became well-known outside Japan for his 1956 model of hadrons, later termed the Sakata model, which proposed that the fundamental building blocks of all strongly interacting particles are the proton, the neutron and the lambda baryon. For example, the positively charged pion is made out of a proton and an antineutron. Aside from the integer charges, the proton, neutron, and lambda have the same properties as the up quark, down quark, and strange quark respectively, explaining the model's success.
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