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Shimabara rebellion

Shimabara Rebellion
Part of the early Edo period
Siege of Hara castle.jpg
Siege of Hara Castle
Date Late 1637- Early 1638
Location Minamishimabara, Nagasaki
Result Tokugawa victory; Christianity in Japan driven underground
Belligerents
Japanese crest Tokugawa Aoi (old design).svg Tokugawa shogunate
Statenvlag.svg Protestant Dutch
Christian cross.svg Roman Catholics and rōnin rebels
Commanders and leaders
Itakura Shigemasa 
Matsudaira Nobutsuna
Matsukura Katsuie 
Terasawa Katataka
Miyamoto Musashi
Hosokawa Tadatoshi
Nicolaes Couckebacker
Toda Ujikane
Nabeshima Katsushige
Kuroda Tadayuki
Arima Toyouji
Tachibana Muneshige
Arima Naozumi
Ogasawara Tadazane
Takada Matabei
Ogasawara Nagatsugu
Matsudaira Shigenao
Yamada Arinaga
Mizuno Katsunari
Mizuno Katsutoshi
Mizuno Katsusada.
Amakusa Shirō 
Arie Kenmotsu 
Masuda Yoshitsugu 
Ashizuga Chuemon 
Yamada Emosaku.
Strength
Over 125,000 Between 27,000 and 37,000
Casualties and losses
2,000 to 2,800 dead and 11,000 wounded Over 27,000 dead

The Shimabara Rebellion (島原の乱 Shimabara no ran?) was an uprising in what is now Nagasaki Prefecture in southwestern Japan lasting from December 17, 1637, to April 15, 1638, during the Edo period. It largely involved peasants, most of them Catholic Christians.

It was one of only a handful of instances of serious unrest during the relatively peaceful period of the Tokugawa shogunate's rule. In the wake of the Matsukura clan's construction of a new castle at Shimabara, taxes were drastically raised, which provoked anger from local peasants and rōnin (samurai without masters). Religious persecution of the local Catholics exacerbated the discontent, which turned into open revolt in 1637. The Tokugawa Shogunate sent a force of over 125,000 troops to suppress the rebels and, after a lengthy siege against the rebels at Hara Castle, defeated them.

In the wake of the rebellion, the Catholic rebel leader Amakusa Shirō was beheaded and the prohibition of Christianity was strictly enforced. Japan's national seclusion policy was tightened and official persecution of Christianity continued until the 1850s. Following the successful suppression of the rebellion, the daimyō of Shimabara, Matsukura Katsuie, was beheaded for misruling, becoming the only daimyō to be beheaded during the Edo period.


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