Second Sino–Japanese War

Second Sino-Japanese War

Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II

Clockwise from top left: The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) Special Naval Landing Forces troops in gas masks prepare for an advance in the rubble of Shanghai, 1944 Operation Ichigo IJA Type 92 Heavy machine gun, Dead victims of the Nanking Massacre on the shore of the Qinhuai River with a Japanese soldier standing nearby, Chinese machine gun nest in the Battle of Wuhan, Japanese Bombing of Chongqing, the Chinese Expeditionary Force in India in 1942

Date	July 7, 1937 – September 9, 1945 Minor fighting since September 18, 1931 (8 years, 2 months and 2 days)
Location	Mainland China and Burma
Result	Chinese victory as part of the Allied victory in the Pacific War Surrender of all Japanese forces in mainland China (excluding Manchuria), Formosa, the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, and French Indochina north of 16° north to the Republic of China after losing territory to China China was one of the Big Four of Allies and becomes a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council Resumption of the Chinese Civil War
Territorial changes	China recovers all territories lost to Japan since the Treaty of Shimonoseki

Belligerents

China
(Nationalist Government led a Chinese united front which included Nationalists, Communists, and regional warlords). (with foreign support)

Germany (1933–38)
Soviet Union (1937–41, 1945)
United States (1941–45)

Japan (with collaborator support)

Nanjing Government (1940–45)
Manchukuo (1932–45)
Mengjiang (1936–45)
Provisional Government (1937–40)
Reformed Government (1937–40)
East Hebei (1937–38)

Commanders and leaders

Chiang Kai-shek
Chen Cheng
Cheng Qian
Yan Xishan
Li Zongren
Xue Yue
Bai Chongxi
Wei Lihuang
Du Yuming
Fu Zuoyi
Sun Liren
Ma Hongbin
Mao Zedong
Zhu De

Peng Dehuai

Hirohito
Korechika Anami
Yasuhiko Asaka
Shunroku Hata
Seishirō Itagaki
Kotohito Kan'in
Iwane Matsui
Toshizō Nishio
Yasuji Okamura
Hajime Sugiyama
Hideki Tōjō
Yoshijirō Umezu
Puyi

Wang Jingwei

Strength

14,000,000 totalNationalist (including regional warlords):

1,700,000 (1937)
2,600,000 (1939)
5,700,000 (1945)

Communist:

166,700 (1938)
488,744 (1940)
1,200,000 (1945)

4,100,000 total

600,000 (1937)
1,015,000 (1939)
1,124,900 (1945)

(Excluding Burma campaign and Manchuria)

900,000 (1945)

Casualties and losses

Nationalist:
Official ROC data:
1,320,000 killed,
1,797,000 wounded,
120,000 missing
Total: 3,237,000

Other estimates:
1,319,000–4,000,000+ dead and missing,
500,000 captured,
3,211,000–10,000,000+ total

Communist:
Official PRC data:
160,603 killed,
290,467 wounded,
87,208 missing,
45,989 POW.
Total: 584,267

Other estimates:
446,740 total

Total:
3,800,000–10,600,000+ military casualties after July, 1937.
500,000 captured,
266,800–1,000,000 POWs dead

Chinese civilian losses：
17,000,000–22,000,000 civilians dead

Japan:
Japanese medical data:
455,700-700,000 military dead

Japanese record cited in western source
520,000 wounded (From 1937 -1941)
430,000 hospitalized and evacuated back to Japan for illnesses (From 1937 -1941)
22,293+ captured
Total: 2 millions+ military casualties (1937 to 1945)

ROC estimate:
1.77 million dead
1.9 million wounded
Total: 3,670,000

2007 PRC studies:
1,055,000 dead
1,172,200 wounded
Total: 2,227,200

Chinese collaborators:
288,140–574,560 dead
742,000 other wounded
Middle estimate: 960,000 killed and wounded

Total:
2,960,000+ – 4,987,000 military casualties after July, 1937 (Excluding Manchuria and Burma campaign)

China
(Nationalist Government led a Chinese united front which included Nationalists, Communists, and regional warlords). (with foreign support)

Japan (with collaborator support)

Chiang Kai-shek
Chen Cheng
Cheng Qian
Yan Xishan
Li Zongren
Xue Yue
Bai Chongxi
Wei Lihuang
Du Yuming
Fu Zuoyi
Sun Liren
Ma Hongbin
Mao Zedong
Zhu De

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