Second Republic (Spain)
| Spanish Republic | ||||||||||||
| República Española | ||||||||||||
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Motto Plus Ultra Further Beyond |
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Anthem Himno de Riego Anthem of Riego |
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 Territories and colonies of the Spanish Republic:
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| Capital |
Madrid (1931–1936) Valencia (1936–1937) Barcelona (1937–1939) |
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| Languages | Spanishb | |||||||||||
| Government | Multi-party semi-presidential federal republic | |||||||||||
| President | ||||||||||||
| • | 1931–1936 | Niceto Alcalá-Zamora | ||||||||||
| • | 1936–1939 | Manuel Azaña | ||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||
| • | 1931 | Niceto Alcalá-Zamora | ||||||||||
| • | 1937–1939 | Juan Negrín López | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Congress of Deputies | |||||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | |||||||||||
| • | Pronunciamiento | 14 April 1931 | ||||||||||
| • | Constitution adopted | 9 December 1931 | ||||||||||
| • | Spanish Civil War | 17 July 1936 | ||||||||||
| • | Fall of the Republic | 1 April 1939 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Spanish peseta | |||||||||||
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| a. Espainiako Errepublika in Basque, República Espanyola in Catalan and República Espanhola or "República Española" in Galician. b. Catalan, Basque and Galician would gain formal officiality with the approval of the Statute of Autonomy. |
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The Spanish Republic (Spanish: República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Spanish: Segunda República Española) was the democratic regime that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the abdication of Alfonso XIII, and it lost the Spanish Civil War on 1 April 1939 to the Nationalist side, who would establish a military dictatorship under the rule of Francisco Franco.
After the proclamation of the Republic, a provisional government was established until December 1931, when the 1931 Constitution was approved and the Republic formally established. The republican government of Manuel Azaña would start a great number of reforms to "modernize" the country. After the 1933 general election, Alejandro Lerroux (Radical Party formed a government with the confidence and supply of the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (CEDA). Under Lerroux's premiership, the Republic found itself before an insurrection of anarchists and socialists that took a revolutionary undertone in Asturias. The revolt was finally suppressed by the Republic with the intervention of the army. The Popular Front won the 1936 general election. On 17–18 July 1936, a coup d'etat fractured the Spanish Republican Armed Forces and partially failed, marking the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
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